TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Principles of biochemistry - Chapter 5 (part 1): Enzymes - Introduction

After studying this chapter you will be able to: Define Catalyst and know the properties of a catalyst; know the 6 classes of enzymes and there functions, be able to classify a specific enzyme if given the reaction; Define Coenzyme, apoenzyme, holoenzyme;. | Chapter 5 (part 1) Enzymes: Introduction Catalyst substance that increase rates of a chemical reaction does not effect equilibrium remain unchanged in overall process reactants bind to catalyst, products are released Catalysts increase product formation by (1) lowering the energy barrier (activation energy) for the product to form (2) increases the favorable orientation of colliding reactant molecules for product formation to be successful (stabilize transition state intermediate) Catalytic Power Enzymes can accelerate reactions as much as 1016 over uncatalyzed rates! Urease is a good example: Catalyzed rate: 3x104/sec Uncatalyzed rate: 3x10 -10/sec Ratio is 1x1014 ! Specificity Enzymes selectively recognize proper substrates over other molecules Enzymes produce products in very high yields - often much greater than 95% Specificity is controlled by structure - the unique fit of substrate with enzyme controls the selectivity for substrate and the product yield Classes of enzymes Oxidoreductases = catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions (NADH) Transferases = catalyze transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another. Hydrolases = catalyze hydrolytic cleavage Lyases = catalyze removal of a group from or addition of a group to a double bond, or other cleavages involving electron rearrangement. Isomerases = catalyze intramolecular rearrangement. Ligases = catalyze reactions in which two molecules are joined. Enzymes named for the substrates and type of reaction Co-enzymes Non-protein molecules that help enzymes function Associate with active site of enzyme Enzyme + Co-enzyme = holoenzyme Enzyme alone = apoenzyme Organic co-enzymes – thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin Inorganic co-enzymes – Mg ++, Fe++, Zn++, Mn++ Kinetics study of reaction rate determines number of steps involved determines mechanism of reaction identifies “rate-limiting” step

• Sinh học
• Principles of biochemistry
• Lecture Principles of biochemistry
• Biological systems
• Biochemical compounds
• Catalytic Power
• Classes of enzymes
• Ebook Principles of biochemistry
• Principles of biochemistry (4th edition)
• The glyoxylate cycle
• Fatty acid catabolism
• Electron Transfer reactions
• Evolutionary foundations
• Protein interactions modulated
• Nucleic acid structure
• Biological macromolecules
• Chemical principles
• Properties of water
• Hydrogen bonding
• Amino acids
• Amino acid structure
• Protein purification
• Cell extract
• Protein classification
• Protein 3 Dimensional structure
• Protein folding
• Protein 3 D structure
• 3 D structure
• Oxygen binding curve
• Enzyme kinetics
• Rate constants
• Inhibitor kinetics
• Enzyme regulation
• Allosteric regulation
• Enzyme action
• Mechanisms of enzyme action
• Ions Cofactors
• Metal ion
• Nguyên lý hóa sinh
• Biotin cofactor
• Conformation of monosaccharides
• Carbohydrate classifications
• Oligo carbohydrate
• Polysaccharides carbohydrate
• Lipid subclasses
• Acyl lipids
• Fluid mosaic model
• membrane transporters
• Metabolism proceed
• Anaeorbic process
• Triose Phosphate Isomerase
• Regulation of glycolysis
• Control points in glycolysis
• Citric acid cycle
• TCA cycle