TAILIEUCHUNG - Practicing Organization Development (A guide for Consultants) - Part 46

Practicing Organization Development (A guide for Consultants) - Part 46. Organization development (OD) is about planned change. As change has turned into the only constant, many managers and other people are pursuing change strategies with vigor. OD is a major strategy for leading and managing change at the individual, group, intergroup, organizational, interorganizational, and large systems levels. This book is about what it takes to be an effective change manager, change leader, and OD consultant | INTERVENTIONS IN LARGE SYSTEMS 421 design of the organization s internal structures processes and procedures that produce desired products or services. The performance of an organization is measured by its productivity market share return on investment and employee satisfaction and retention. An organization s character directly affects its performance. Specifically when exchanges between the organization and its environment are effective and its internal-design features fit together and reinforce strategic behavior performance is likely to be high Mohrman Mohrman Ledford Cummings Lawler Associates 1990 Worley Hitchin Ross 1996 . Figure illustrates these two major components of organizational character organization-environment relations and internal-design components. The figure relies heavily on open-systems theory which views organizations as embedded in a larger environment Cummings Worley 2001 . The environment provides an organization with inputs such as raw materials that are converted by transformation processes such as manufacturing and assembly into outcomes such as products and services . The environment also provides feedback to the organization about how well it is performing. The organization s transformation processes include several interrelated design components. A key concept in open-systems theory is congruency or fit among the components. They must fit with one another to attain the most effective results Hanna 1988 Mohr 1989 . Interventions that include more of these components increase their chance of effectiveness Macy Bliese Norton 1994 . The open-systems model applies to different levels within an organization as well as the whole organization. It is an appropriate model for a large-system change effort because its components must be viewed with the total organization in mind. The environment must provide the organization with needed inputs the design components must promote effective and efficient performance and the feedback system .

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