TAILIEUCHUNG - Financial Management Theory And Practice, Brigham-11th Ed - Chapter 8

Chapter 9 The Cost of Capital a. The weighted average cost of capital, WACC, is the weighted average of the after-tax component costs of capital—-debt, preferred stock, and common equity. Each weighting factor is the proportion of that type of capital in the optimal, or target, capital structure. | Chapter 9 The Cost of Capital ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 9-1 a. The weighted average cost of capital WACC is the weighted average of the after-tax component costs of capital debt preferred stock and common equity. Each weighting factor is the proportion of that type of capital in the optimal or target capital structure. The after-tax cost of debt rd 1 - T is the relevant cost to the firm of new debt financing. Since interest is deductible from taxable income the after-tax cost of debt to the firm is less than the before-tax cost. Thus rd 1 - T is the appropriate component cost of debt in the weighted average cost of capital . b. The cost of preferred stock rps is the cost to the firm of issuing new preferred stock. For perpetual preferred it is the preferred dividend Dps divided by the net issuing price Pn. Note that no tax adjustments are made when calculating the component cost of preferred stock because unlike interest payments on debt dividend payments on preferred stock are not tax deductible. The cost of new common equity re is the cost to the firm of equity obtained by selling new common stock. It is essentially the cost of retained earnings adjusted for flotation costs. Flotation costs are the costs that the firm incurs when it issues new securities. The amount actually available to the firm for capital investment from the sale of new securities is the sales price of the securities less flotation costs. Note that flotation costs consist of 1 direct expenses such as printing costs and brokerage commissions 2 any price reduction due to increasing the supply of stock and 3 any drop in price due to informational asymmetries. c. The target capital structure is the relative amount of debt preferred stock and common equity that the firm desires. The WACC should be based on these target weights. d. There are considerable costs when a company issues a new security including fees to an investment banker and legal fees. These costs are called flotation costs.

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