TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biochemistry (2/e): Chapter 3 - Reginald Garrett, Charles Grisham

Chapter 3 introduce the Thermodynamics of biological systems. The following will be discussed in this chapter: Basic thermodynamic concepts, physical significance of thermodynamic properties, pH and the standard state, the effect of concentration, coupled processes, high-energy biomolecules. | Chapter 3 Thermodynamics of Biological Systems to accompany Biochemistry, 2/e by Reginald Garrett and Charles Grisham All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Brace & Company, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Outline Basic Thermodynamic Concepts Physical Significance of Thermodynamic Properties pH and the Standard State The Effect of Concentration Coupled Processes High-Energy Biomolecules Basic Concepts The system: the portion of the universe with which we are concerned The surroundings: everything else Isolated system cannot exchange matter or energy Closed system can exchange energy Open system can exchange either or both The First Law The total energy of an isolated system is conserved. E (or U) is the internal energy - a function that keeps track of heat transfer and work expenditure in the system E is heat exchanged at constant volume E is independent of path E2 - E1 = E = q + w q is heat absorbed BY the system w is work done ON the system Enthalpy A better function for constant pressure H = E + PV If P is constant, H = q H is the heat absorbed at constant P Volume is approx. constant for biochemical reactions (in solution) So H is approx. same as E The Second Law Systems tend to proceed from ordered to disordered states The entropy change for (system + surroundings) is unchanged in reversible processes and positive for irreversible processes All processes proceed toward equilibrium - ., minimum potential energy Entropy A measure of disorder An ordered state is low entropy A disordered state is high entropy dSreversible = dq/T The Third Law The entropy of any crystalline, perfectly ordered substance must approach zero as the temperature approaches 0 K At T = 0 K, entropy is exactly zero For a constant pressure process: Cp = dH/dT Free Energy Hypothetical quantity - allows chemists to asses whether reactions will occur G = H - TS For any .

• Sinh học
• Lecture Biochemistry
• Biological phenomena
• Living systems
• Structure of cells
• Biological systems
• Thermodynamics of biological systems
• Principles of biochemistry
• Lecture Principles of biochemistry
• Biochemical compounds
• Biological macromolecules
• Chemical principles
• Properties of water
• Hydrogen bonding
• Amino acids
• Amino acid structure
• Protein purification
• Cell extract
• Protein classification
• Protein 3 Dimensional structure
• Protein folding
• Protein 3 D structure
• 3 D structure
• Oxygen binding curve
• Enzyme kinetics
• Rate constants
• Catalytic Power
• Classes of enzymes
• Inhibitor kinetics
• Enzyme regulation
• Allosteric regulation
• Enzyme action
• Mechanisms of enzyme action
• Ions Cofactors
• Metal ion
• Nguyên lý hóa sinh
• Biotin cofactor
• Conformation of monosaccharides
• Carbohydrate classifications
• Oligo carbohydrate
• Polysaccharides carbohydrate
• Lipid subclasses
• Acyl lipids
• Fluid mosaic model
• membrane transporters
• Metabolism proceed
• Anaeorbic process
• Triose Phosphate Isomerase
• Regulation of glycolysis
• Control points in glycolysis
• Citric acid cycle
• TCA cycle
• Additional pathways
• Carbohydrate metabolism
• Electron transport
• Chemosmotic theory