TAILIEUCHUNG - Lubricants and Lubrication Part 11

Tham khảo tài liệu 'lubricants and lubrication part 11', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Sheet Metal Working Lubricants 557 interactions between solid matter and workpiece surface on the load during the forming process and on type of solid matter used. As cleaning residues may have an effect on the layer production during the chemical surface treatment and thermochemical processes even after profound rinsing only especially developed cleaners are used in order to avoid failures and disturbances. In addition the natural character of the basic metal which is to be treated iron aluminum copper brass zinc etc. has also to be taken into consideration. According to the pH value of the alkaline cleaning solutions a difference is made between low-level alkaline cleaners pH between and medium-level alkaline cleaners pH between and and high-level alkaline cleaners pH above . Low-level alkaline cleaners are often called neutral cleaners as they are characterized by a low tendency to saponify natural and synthetic esters. A standard definition of the term neutral cleaners does not exist. Acid cleaners pH below are used for special applications. Apart from the degreasing effect these cleaners show a caustic effect for the removal of rust rust flake or other solidly-bonding layers which cannot be removed in alkaline media. Such caustic degreasers consist mainly of hydrochloric acid sulfurous acid or phosphorous acid added with acid-resistant tensides. In addition to the degreasing of lubricant films acid degreasers based on phosphorous acid are also used to produce a thin iron phosphate layer approximately pm thus providing a key for a painting layer . cataphoretic immersion paintings and or powder coatings. Application Range for Aqueous Cleaners The decisive criterion in the selection of cleaners is the applied cleaning method immersing-bath cleaners dip cleaners which are basically emulsifying and spray cleaners which are basically demulsifying. For special applications there are high-pressure cleaners steam jet cleaners

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