TAILIEUCHUNG - Frontiers in Robotics, Automation and Control Part 7

Tham khảo tài liệu 'frontiers in robotics, automation and control part 7', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Optical Speed Measurement and applications 173 navigation Palacin et al. 2006 . The results of the authors of this article were similar to other researchers they found that one way to make mouse sensors useful for navigation is to equip them with telecentric lens to avoid magnification changes to use homogeneous illumination to avoid directional problems and to use two sensors to get rid of kinematic constraints. Takács Kálmán 2007 By using different magnification larger portions of the ground will be projected on the sensor making higher speeds possible but this is limited by ground texture section . Mouse sensors are cheap and readily available and with certain modifications they can be used for low speed mobile robot dead reckoning. However they are limited by their low resolution and speed and their algorithm can only be changed by the factory. Horn et al. aimed at developing a sensor system for automobiles. They used a fusion approach with two cameras and a Kalman filter. One of the cameras is a forward looking stereo camera to estimate yaw rate and forward velocity the other camera is facing the ground and used to estimate two dimensional velocity. It was found that the camera facing the ground gave better results for lateral and longitudinal velocity than the stereo camera. The fusion approach provided good results even when one of the sensors was failing. The system was tested at slow 1 m s speeds on a towed cart in a lab Horn et al. 2006 . Chhaniyara et al. followed a somewhat similar approach and used a matrix camera facing the ground to estimate speed over ground. They used a mechanism that moved the camera over sand and compared optical flow speed estimates with measurements from an encoder attached to the mechanism. They used Matlab and the Lukas and Kanade algorithm to compute optical flow. They obtained good results at low speeds 0-50 mm s however the suitability of the algorithm they used is questionable Chhaniyara et al. 2008 . This technology

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