TAILIEUCHUNG - Internet in China: Big Mama is Watching You - Internet Control and the Chinese Government

Initially, the internet was an open medium with certain characteristics that made it hard to control. According to Western journalists and politicians, the efforts of the Chinese government to control the internet are doomed to fail. This study attempts to counter this view and discusses to what degree the Chinese government can control the internet in China and, more than that, to what degree the internet can be used as a means for control. Methodologically, the four modalities of control (the law, architecture, social norms and the market), set forth by Lessig will be used. As a result, this study will offer a legal, technical, social and. | Internet in China Big Mama is Watching You Internet Control and the Chinese Government MA Thesis Supervisor Dr. . Landsberger Chinese Languages Cultures University of Leiden July 2001 Lokman Tsui 9639454 Marshallsingel 30 1187 LG Amstelveen 020-4560283 lokmant@ mail@ Internet in China Big Mama is Watching You Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the patience and support of Waiyu and my parents. I am also grateful to my supervisor Dr. Landsberger Drs. Keijser Dr. Schneider and my friend Raymond van Erkel for reading and helping me to revise this thesis. 2 Internet in China Big Mama is Watching You Abstract Initially the internet was an open medium with certain characteristics that made it hard to control. According to Western journalists and politicians the efforts of the Chinese government to control the internet are doomed to fail. This study attempts to counter this view and discusses to what degree the Chinese government can control the internet in China and more than that to what degree the internet can be used as a means for control. Methodologically the four modalities of control the law architecture social norms and the market set forth by Lessig will be used. As a result this study will offer a legal technical social and economical perspective in discussing the degree of internet control in China. Lessig further argues that the architecture of the internet is undergoing changes that continue to enable control. A prime example of using architecture as a means of control is the concept of the Panopticon prison invented by Bentham and mediated by Foucault. The concept of the Panopticon will be used to show how the internet can be used as a means for control. The conclusions are that the Chinese government are quite capable of controlling the internet in China and that China has the perfect ingredients for deploying a digital Panopticon. This digital Panopticon will continue to improve and develop driven by the

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