TAILIEUCHUNG - Child health and mothers’ social capital in Indonesia through crisis

The health system is composed of the public sector, the for-profit private sector and the non-profit private sector. Health care services are provided mainly through the public sector network (NHS), which relies on 1277 health facilities (HF), organized in 4 levels, with a total of 15 877 beds6 and around 26 000 health workers (Table 4). Level I offers essential primary care services through 1224 HF (urban and rural health centres and health posts) representing 96% of all national HF. Of the 53 hospitals, 5 are level-4 hospitals, offering the highest level of specialized care, 7 (provincial) are level 3. Level II includes the rural district. | Brooks World Poverty Institute Child health and mothers social capital in Indonesia through crisis 1 Sujarwoto 1 1 University of Manchester UK Gindo Tampubolon2 Corresponding author 2 University of Manchester UK tampubolon@ May 2011 Brooks World Poverty Institute ISBN 978-1-907247-48-4 BWPI Working Paper 149 Creating and sharing knowledge to help end poverty bwpi Abstract Social capital has been shown to be positively associated with a range of health outcomes yet few studies have explored the association between mothers social capital and child health. We examine the relationship between mothers access to social capital via participations in community activities and their children s health. Instrumental variable estimator is used to deal with reverse causality. Data come from the Indonesian Family Life Surveys IFLS of 1997 2000 and 2007. We find strong evidence for the association between mother s social capital and child health before and after the Asian financial crisis. In contrast there is no relation between mother s social capital and child health during the crisis. The results suggest that the link between mother s social capital and child health is severely ruptured during the period of the crisis possibly by reducing the number of available community activities and the ability of mothers to participate in such activities. Keywords child health social capital instrumental variable estimator Sujarwoto is a PhD student at the Institute for Social Change The University of Manchester UK. Gindo Tampubolon is a research fellow at the Institute for Social Change The University of Manchester UK. 2 1. Introduction Human capital is fundamental for economic development and welfare. Human capital in the form of health is particularly important for developing countries Bhargava et al. 2001 Behrman 1996 Deaton 2003 . Bhargava et al. 2001 15 suggest that the effect of health on economic .

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• tuberculosis typically
• extra pulmonary
• malnutrition
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• reverse transcriptase
• inhibitors (NRTI)
• Protease Inhibitor (PI)
• pulmonary TB
• bacteria Mycobacterium