TAILIEUCHUNG - HEAT TRANSFER FUNDAMENTALS P2

In other types of heat exchangers, where the values of the overall heat transfer coefficient, [/, may vary over the area of the surface, the LMTD may not be representative of the actual average temperature difference. | 1400 HEAT TRANSFER FUNDAMENTALS Nus 425 Pf1 12 03 for 10 H 8 40 1 Pr 2 X 104 and 104 Ra 5 107. The Log Mean Temperature Difference The simplest and most common type of heat exchanger is the double-pipe heat exchanger illustrated in Fig. . For this type of heat exchanger the heat transfer between the two fluids can be found by assuming a constant overall heat transfer coefficient found from Table and a constant fluid specific heat. For this type the heat transfer is given by q UA ATm where AT2 - AT AT -------------- ln AT2 AT In this expression the temperature difference ATm is referred to as the log-mean temperature difference LMTD AT represents the temperature difference between the two fluids at one end and AT2 at the other end. For the case where the ratio AT2 AT is less than two the arithmetic mean temperature difference AT2 AT 2 may be used to calculate the heat-transfer rate without introducing any significant error. As shown in Fig. AT ThJ - Tcj tsT2 Th o - Tc o for parallel flow AT Thj - Tc o AT Th0 - Tc i for counterflow Cross-Flow Coefficient In other types of heat exchangers where the values of the overall heat transfer coefficient U may vary over the area of the surface the LMTD may not be representative of the actual average temperature difference. In these cases it is necessary to utilize a correction factor such that the heat transfer q can be determined by q UAF ATm Here the value of AT is computed assuming counterflow conditions AT Th j - Tci and AT2 T o - Tco. Figures and illustrate some examples of the correction factor F for various multiple-pass heat exchangers. RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER Heat transfer can occur in the absence of a participating medium through the transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves characterized by a wavelength A and frequency v which are related by c Ar. The parameter c represents the velocity of light which in a vacuum is co X 108 m sec. Energy transmitted in .

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