TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Discovering nutrition - Chapter 8: Water and minerals

After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Water: crucial to life, intake recommendations: how much water is enough? minerals, major minerals and health, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, trace minerals, iron, zinc,. | Chapter 8 Water & Minerals: The Ocean Within 1 Water: Crucial to Life Water is the most essential nutrient 45–75% body weight Body water 2/3 Intracellular 1/3 Extracellular 2 Water: Crucial to Life Electrolytes and water When minerals or salts dissolve in water form ions: Cation Anions Osmosis In your body cells: your body controls and balances the concentration of electrolytes, both within and outside of each cell. 4 5 Intake Recommendations How much water is enough? Men = liters/day AI Women = liters/day AI Pregnancy = liters/day AI Lactation = liters/day Increased needs for activity and sweating 6 Intake Recommendations Sources 75-80% from Beverages 20-25% from Foods Small amount from metabolic reactions (250-350mL/day) 7 Water Excretion: Where Does the Water Go? Insensible water losses: the continuous loss of body water by evaporation from the lungs and diffusion through skin. ¼- ½ of daily fluid loss Urine (~1-2 liters per day) Illness External factors that contribute to water losses: Low humidity High altitude High protein/salt foods Illness examples: (coughing, watery nasal secretion, rapid breathing) Why they ask you to drink more water Airplanes = high altitude Sick = fluid losses High salt/Protein diet = urine production increases to eliminate surplus urea and sodium 8 Intake Recommendations Water Balance Bodies carefully maintain water balance Hormonal effects Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Thirst Alcohol, caffeine, and common medications affect fluid balance Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin stimulates kidneys to create more aquaporins (water channels) water reabsorption Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys retain sodium via Na/K pump water follows sodium water reabsorption 9 Water Balance – How do kidneys know how to conserve water? Spinal cells in brain sense rising sodium levels in the body signals pituitary gland to release ADH signals kidneys to conserve water water reabsorption dilutes sodium levels

• Y khoa - Dược
• Discovering nutrition
• Lecture Discovering nutrition
• Khám phá dinh dưỡng
• Intake recommendations
• Water intoxication
• Minerals in foods
• Linking nutrients
• Nutrition guidelines
• Dietary guidelines
• Life cycle
• Infant nutrition
• Physiology of pregnancy
• Physical performance spotlight
• Physical performance
• Energy systems
• Nutritional concerns
• Nutrient needs
• Political disruptions
• World food equation
• Food choices
• Environmental influences
• Social ecological model
• Human body
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Chemical processes
• Simple sugars
• Complex carbohydrates
• Carbohydrate digestion
• Character of alcohol
• Spotlight on alcohol
• Alcohol absorption
• Fatty acids
• Triglyceride structure
• Phospholipid structure
• Amino acids
• Protein structure
• Protein denaturation
• Fat soluble vitamins
• The carotenoids
• Sources of riboflavin
• Dietary supplements
• Natural health products
• Functional foods
• Spotlight on metabolism
• Energy balance
• Spotlight on eating disorders
• Bulimia nervosa
• Anorexia nervosa
• Chronic disease
• Physical inactivity
• Cardiovascular disease
• Weight management
• Childhood overweight
• Health risks
• Food safety
• Food additives
• Keeping food safe