TAILIEUCHUNG - Control of Dioxins (and other Organochlorines) from the Pulp and Paper Industry under the Clean Water Act and Lead in Soil at Superfund Mining Sites: Two Case Studies in EPA's Use of Science

A comparison was made between the different product systems. The comparison was made for a European and a Swedish scenario. In the comparison two versions were used for the web based newspaper. Firstly, one where the web based newspaper was read for 10 minutes and MB were downloaded and secondly, another where the reading time was increased to 30 minutes (the same time as assumed for reading the printed and e- paper newspapers) and MB were down-loaded. The comparison regarding the global warming impact category (Figure 1) indicated that the web based newspaper (30 min) had the largest. | Control of Dioxins and other Organochlorines from the Pulp and Paper Industry under the Clean Water Act and Lead in Soil at Superfund Mining Sites Two Case Studies in EPA s Use of Science Mark R. Powell Discussion Paper 97-08 March 1997 Revised RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE 1616 P Street NW Washington DC 20036 Telephone 202-328-5000 Fax 202-939-3460 1997 Resources for the Future. All rights reserved. No portion of this paper may be reproduced without permission of the authors. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not undergone formal peer review or the editorial treatment accorded RFF books and other publications. Dioxin from Pulp and Paper and Lead in Soil at Mining Sites i Abstract This paper discusses EPA s acquisition and use of science in addressing dioxins and other organochlorines from the pulp and paper industry under the Clean Water Act and lead in soil at large Superfund mining sites. The common thread between both cases is the challenge posed by administering national pollution control programs while considering site-by-site variability in factors that influence environmental risks. In the first case study high levels of dioxin in fish downstream of pulp and paper mills were inadvertently detected in 1983 as part of an EPA effort to determine background levels of dioxin in areas presumed to be relatively uncontaminated. These findings quickly got the release of dioxins from pulp and paper mills on EPA s research agenda. News reports beginning in 1987 elevated the issue onto the regulatory agenda but more than a decade has passed without EPA taking final regulatory action. Meanwhile the pulp and paper industry has dramatically reduced but not eliminated dioxin discharges from mills. The key scientific issue now confronting EPA decisionmakers is how much weight to give to a water quality indicator called AOX. AOX is not statistically related to dioxin at the levels under .

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