TAILIEUCHUNG - Modern Tribology Handbook 2010 Part 4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'modern tribology handbook 2010 part 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Hours FIGURE Plot of iron and chromium content as a function of hours of engine operation. From spectrographic analyses of oil samples. Use of wear debris as a diagnostic tool for the health of operating machinery is difficult. Recognition of significant morphological characteristics color and chemical make up of the variety of particles and elements that turn up in a sample requires experience. The SOAP program has proven effective for truck tank and railroad diesels hydraulic systems gear boxes and compressors. The diagnosis is based on the history of concentration of specific elements found in oil samples. The particles involved are under 10 pm in size and more likely to be of submicron size. They are detected by spectrographic methods which give quantitative results usually in ppm. The quantitative results are plotted as a function of running hours. An example of such a plot is shown in Figure . The trends for several metals are compared with the original oil sample taken at hour one. By experience these trends for instance sudden continuing increase in iron content can be related to pending wear failures of certain components. Particle Counting Particles from a given sample of oil separated by ferrograph or other methods can be classified as to size and a size-frequency distribution plot made. Assuming that the larger particles are related to severe wear significant increases in their content compared with the running-in plot should signal shut down and maintenance. A sample plot from a review by Lockwood and Dally 1992 is shown in Figure . It shows the change in size distribution as running hours accumulate. The shape thickness and chemistry of a wear particle can tell much about how it was formed. Individual particles can be examined by SEM. An atlas of particle types has been assembled by Anderson 1982 and contains a wide variety of wear particles collect by ferrography. Micrographs some in color are presented together with the conditions

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