TAILIEUCHUNG - Engineering - Materials Selection in Mechanical Design Part 7

Tham khảo tài liệu 'engineering - materials selection in mechanical design part 7', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Chapter _ Selection of material and shape Introduction and synopsis Shaped sections carry bending torsional and axial-compressive loads more efficiently than solid sections do. By shaped we mean that the cross-section is formed to a tube a box-section an I-sectiqn or the like. By efficient we mean that for given loading conditions the section uses as little material and is therefore as light as possible. Tubes boxes and I-sections will be referred to as simple shapes . Even greater efficiencies are possible with sandwich panels thin load-bearing skins bonded to a foam or honeycomb interior and with structures the Warren truss for instance . This chapter extends the concept of indices so as to include shape Figure . Often it is not necessary to do so in the case studies of Chapter 6 shape either did not enter at all or when it did it was not a variable that is we compared materials with the same shape . But when two materials are available with different section shapes and the design is one in which shape matters a beam in bending for example the more general problem arises how to choose from among the vast range of materials and the section shapes in which they are available or could potentially be made the one which maximizes the performance. Take the example of a bicycle its forks are loaded in bending. It could say be made of steel or of wood early bikes were made of wood. But steel is available as thin-walled tube whereas the wood is not wood usually has a solid section. A solid wood bicycle is certainly lighter and stiffer than a solid steel one but is it better than one made of steel tubing Might a magnesium I-section be better still What about a webbed polymer moulding How in short is one to choose the best combination of material and shape A procedure for answering these and related questions is outlined in this chapter. It involves the definition of shape factors simple numbers which characterize the efficiency of shaped

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