TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 182. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders

AIDS was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981, when the . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the unexplained occurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly P. carinii) pneumonia in five previously healthy homosexual men in Los Angeles and of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) with or without P. jiroveci pneumonia in 26 previously healthy homosexual men in New York and Los Angeles. Within months, the disease became recognized in male and female injection drug users (IDUs) and soon thereafter in recipients of blood transfusions and in hemophiliacs. As the epidemiologic pattern of the disease. | Chapter 182. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease AIDS and Related Disorders Introduction AIDS was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981 when the . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC reported the unexplained occurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci formerly P. carinii pneumonia in five previously healthy homosexual men in Los Angeles and of Kaposi s sarcoma KS with or without P. jiroveci pneumonia in 26 previously healthy homosexual men in New York and Los Angeles. Within months the disease became recognized in male and female injection drug users IDUs and soon thereafter in recipients of blood transfusions and in hemophiliacs. As the epidemiologic pattern of the disease unfolded it became clear that an infectious agent transmissible by sexual homosexual and heterosexual contact and blood or blood products was the most likely etiologic cause of the epidemic. In 1983 human immunodeficiency virus HIV was isolated from a patient with lymphadenopathy and by 1984 it was demonstrated clearly to be the causative agent of AIDS. In 1985 a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA was developed which led to an appreciation of the scope and evolution of the HIV epidemic at first in the United States and other developed nations and ultimately among developing nations throughout the world see below . The staggering worldwide evolution of the HIV pandemic has been matched by an explosion of information in the areas of HIV virology pathogenesis both immunologic and virologic treatment of HIV disease treatment and prophylaxis of the opportunistic diseases associated with HIV infection prevention of infection and vaccine development. The information flow related to HIV disease is enormous and continues to expand and it has become almost impossible for the health care generalist to stay abreast of the literature. The purpose of this chapter is to present the most current information available on the scope of the epidemic on its pathogenesis .

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