TAILIEUCHUNG - Artificial Sight

The idea of replacing a dysfunctional or missing body part with a prosthesis is perhaps as old as the history of humankind; yet, it still continues to be a fascinating theme. While early prostheses were limited to external organs (. wooden legs), the twentieth century witnessed the implantation of numerous devices inside the human body, some of which have since become routine surgical procedures. For external prostheses, both proper fitting and functionality are needed to make a device acceptable for use; however, internally implanted prostheses have additional challenges, and the implantation of intelligent devices which interact with surrounding tissues is even more difficult | Marks. Humayun James D. Weiland Gerald Chader Elias Greenbaum Editors BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PHYSICS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING MJ . Artificial Sight y -J IW ỈXHdỄL Basic Research Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Advances i 1 Ãli J .bw y 1k V 7 W 0 Springer 1 Biological Considerations for an Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis Hossein Ameri James D. Weiland and Mark S. Humayun Doheny Retina Institute Doheny Eye Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Introduction The idea of replacing a dysfunctional or missing body part with a prosthesis is perhaps as old as the history of humankind yet it still continues to be a fascinating theme. While early prostheses were limited to external organs . wooden legs the twentieth century witnessed the implantation of numerous devices inside the human body some of which have since become routine surgical procedures. For external prostheses both proper fitting and functionality are needed to make a device acceptable for use however internally implanted prostheses have additional challenges and the implantation of intelligent devices which interact with surrounding tissues is even more difficult. Despite being one of the most delicate organs of the body the eye has proven to be a hospitable environment for a variety of materials. Whereas some metals such as iron and copper are highly toxic to the eye other substances such as silicone polymethyl-metacrylate PMMA and acrylic are well tolerated. Intraocular lenses made of these substances are routinely used to replace the natural lens during cataract surgery the most commonly performed intraocular surgical procedure. Prior to surgical procedures that could be performed within the back of the eye vitrectomy retinal detachment had almost exclusively been treated with scleral buckling a procedure whereby silicone rubber is placed around the eyeball. Even now a significant number of retinal detachments are treated this way. Ocular implants are also used in

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