TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 172. Herpes Simplex Viruses

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2; Herpesvirus hominis) produce a variety of infections involving mucocutaneous surfaces, the central nervous system (CNS), and—on occasion—visceral organs. Prompt recognition and treatment reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HSV infections. Etiologic Agent The genome of HSV is a linear, double-strand DNA molecule (molecular weight, ~100 x 106 units) that encodes 90 transcription units with 84 identified proteins. The genomic structures of the two HSV subtypes are similar. The overall genomic sequence homology between HSV-1 and HSV-2 is ~50%, while the proteome homology is 80%. . | Chapter 172. Herpes Simplex Viruses Definition Herpes simplex viruses HSV-1 HSV-2 Herpesvirus hominis produce a variety of infections involving mucocutaneous surfaces the central nervous system CNS and on occasion visceral organs. Prompt recognition and treatment reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HSV infections. Etiologic Agent The genome of HSV is a linear double-strand DNA molecule molecular weight 100 x 106 units that encodes 90 transcription units with 84 identified proteins. The genomic structures of the two HSV subtypes are similar. The overall genomic sequence homology between HSV-1 and HSV-2 is 50 while the proteome homology is 80 . The homologous sequences are distributed over the entire genome map and most of the polypeptides specified by one viral type are antigenically related to polypeptides of the other viral type. Many type-specific regions unique to HSV-1 and HSV-2 proteins do exist however and a number of them appear to be important in host immunity. These type-specific regions have been used to develop serologic assays that distinguish between the two viral subtypes. Either restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA or DNA sequencing can be used to distinguish between the two subtypes and among strains of each subtype. The variability of nucleotide sequences from clinical strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2 is such that HSV isolates obtained from two individuals can be differentiated by restriction enzyme patterns or genomic sequences. Moreover epidemiologically related sources such as sexual partners mother-infant pairs or persons involved in a commonsource outbreak can be inferred from such patterns. The viral genome is packaged in a regular icosahedral protein shell capsid composed of 162 capsomeres see Fig. 170-1 . The outer covering of the virus is a lipid-containing membrane envelope acquired as the DNA-containing capsid buds through the inner nuclear membrane of the host cell. Between the capsid and lipid bilayer of the envelope

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