TAILIEUCHUNG - Lund University International Master’s Programme in Environmental Science (LUMES): Assessment of Efforts to Solve the Water Pollution Problem in Kaunas

The Water Quality Act of 1965 (WQA) was the first major statutory attempt to address the nation’s growing water quality problems. The Act proved to be a weak basis for enforcement authority, but did yield one major improvement: the development of ambient water quality standards. States were called upon to set their own standards and given flexibility to determine how standards would be met. The Act’s major weakness was that it gave no concrete authority to force effluent reductions by specific polluters. It was relatively straightforward to determine if ambient standards were being violated, but much. | Lund University International Master s Programme in Environmental Science LUMES Assessment of Efforts to Solve the Water Pollution Problem in Kaunas Ausra Rackauskaite Home address A. Mickeviciaus 15-2 LT - 3000 Kaunas Lithuania tel. 370 7 228937 E-mail env97are@ ausra_rack@ Lund 1998 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 Summary 3 Introduction 4 Objectives 4 Methodology 4 Object of the analysis_5 I. sCale of wAter pollution in the nemunas downstream KAUNAS CITY 6 Geographical background 6 Water quality in the river 7 Pollution sources 9 Urban wastewater 9 The Neris river pollution load 11 Other pollution sources12 II. watEr management system 13 National environmental strategy emphasis on the water pollution problem 13 Legislative and economic means 14 Legislative regulation 14 Standards and norms 14 Economic instruments 16 Projects concerning water management 17 Kaunas Water and Environment Project 17 Cleaner Production programmes 18 Healthy Cities Project 20 Water monitoring 20 Surface water monitoring 20 Wastewater monitoring__21 III. MANAGEMENT Results in urban load reduction 23 Wastewater reduction 23 Factors for wastewater reduction 24 Domestic wastewater 24 Industrial wastewater 26 Wastewater load in the future 28 River water quality in the future_29 IV. ANALYSIS oF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT 32 Environmental and social objectives in legislation 32 Lack of Environmental Impact Assessment for Kaunas Wastewater Treatment Plant 33 Kaunas wastewater impact on river ecosystem 34 Eutrophication 34 Biological diversity 34 Wastewater management benefits for ecosystem 35 Impacts and benefits for human welfare 36 Quality of potable water 36 Recreation 38 V. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40 References 41 Appendix 44 2 Acknowledgements

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