TAILIEUCHUNG - The Risk Management of Safety and Dependability_4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the risk management of safety and dependability_4', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Understanding why humans fail 77 Table ISO noise rating curve and dB A equivalents Noise criteria Equivalent reading ISO NR 40 45 50 55 70 75 dB A equivalent 48 53 58 62 77 82 The mental capacity of humans It is important to match the design to the mental ability and skills of the operators and maintenance staff. A good example to illustrate this is the design approach adopted for the US Apollo space programme The selected astronauts had to be experienced test pilots and have the ability to assimilate data rapidly and take corrective action in the case of aircraft malfunction. They were also highly educated with science and engineering degrees. They were subjected to mental and physical training to ensure they were fit to fly in space. They were involved as part of the design team in the design of the spacecraft and its control systems. They were involved with all the functional testing and all test phases of the Apollo programme up to the final lunar mission. A similar approach is taken in the design construction start-up and operation of a new process plant. Experienced operations and maintenance staff are involved in the design stage. The appointed operators attend the factory testing of equipment and help in the functional testing during construction. This is followed by maintenance and operations training during start-up on site prior to handover for operation. The range of attention to ergonomics in design can be illustrated by the following extremes where attention to safety is matched to the requirements of a particular application in terms of cost and consequence A fighter aircraft requires the maximum integration of man and machine. The pilot has to pass through a highly selective process with intense training to qualify. The cockpit displays and controls must ensure immediate assimilation and action by the pilot. A library of maintenance instructions has to be provided for work to be carried out by highly qualified and trained maintenance .

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