TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "DEALING WITH INCOMPLETENESS OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE IN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION TRANSFER AND GENERATION STAGE OF MU MACHINE TRANSLATION PROJECT"

Linguistic knowledge usable for machine translation is always imperfect. We cannot be free from the uncertainty of knowledge we have for machine translation. Especially at the transfer stage of machine translation, the selection of target language expression is rather subjective and optional. Therefore the linguistic contents of machine translation system always fluctuate, and make gradual progress. The system should be designed to allow such constant change and improvements. This paper explains the details of the transfer and generation stages of Japanese-to-English system of the machine translation project by the Japanese Government, with the emphasis on the ideas to deal. | DEALING WITH INCOMPLETENESS OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE IN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION TRANSFER AND GENERATION STAGE OF MU MACHINE TRANSLATION PROJECT Makoto Nagao Toyoaki Nishida and Jun-ichi Tsujii Department of Electrical Engineering Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606 JAPAN 1. INTRODUCTION Linguistic knowledge usable for machine translation is always imperfect. We cannot be free from the uncertainty of knowledge we have for machine translation. Especially at the transfer stage of machine translation the selection of target language expression is rather subjective and optional. Therefore the linguistic contents of machine translation system always fluctuate and make gradual progress. The system should be designed to allow such constant change and improvements. This paper explains the details of the transfer and generation stages of Japanese-to-Engllsh system of the machine translation project by the Japanese Government with the emphasis on the ideas to deal with the incompleteness of linguistic knowledge for machine translation. 2. DESIGN strategies Annotated Dependency structure The intermediate representation we adopted as the result of analysis in our machine translation is the annotated dependency structure. Each node has arbitrary number of features as shown in Fig. 1. This makes it possible to access the constituents by more than one linguistic cues. This representation is therefore powerful and flexible for the sophisticated grammatical and semantic checking especially when the completeness of semantic analysis is not assured and trlal-and-error Improvements are required at the transfer and generation stages. Multiple Layer Grammar We have three conceptual levels for grammar rules. lowest level default grammar which guarantees the output of the translation process. The quality of the translation Is not assured. Rules of this level apply to those Inputs for which no higher layer grammar rules are applicable. kernel level main grammar which chooses and .

• Báo cáo khoa học
• DEALING WITH INCOMPLETENESS
• LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE IN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION TRANSFER AND GENERATION STAGE
• MU MACHINE TRANSLATION PROJECT
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln