TAILIEUCHUNG - Plant physiology - Chapter 22 Ethylene: The Gaseous Hormone

DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, when coal gas was used for street illumination, it was observed that trees in the vicinity of streetlamps defoliated more extensively than other trees. Eventually it became apparent that coal gas and air pollutants affect plant growth and development, and ethylene was identified as the active component of coal gas. In 1901, Dimitry Neljubov, a graduate student at the Botanical Institute of St. Petersburg in Russia, observed that dark-grown pea seedlings growing in the laboratory exhibited symptoms that were later termed the triple response: reduced stem elongation, increased lateral growth (swelling), and abnormal, horizontal growth. When. | Chapter 22 Ethylene The Gaseous Hormone DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY when coal gas was used for street illumination it was observed that trees in the vicinity of streetlamps defoliated more extensively than other trees. Eventually it became apparent that coal gas and air pollutants affect plant growth and development and ethylene was identified as the active component of coal gas. In 1901 Dimitry Neljubov a graduate student at the Botanical Institute of St. Petersburg in Russia observed that dark-grown pea seedlings growing in the laboratory exhibited symptoms that were later termed the triple response reduced stem elongation increased lateral growth swelling and abnormal horizontal growth. When the plants were allowed to grow in fresh air they regained their normal morphology and rate of growth. Neljubov identified ethylene which was present in the laboratory air from coal gas as the molecule causing the response. The first indication that ethylene is a natural product of plant tissues was published by H. H. Cousins in 1910. Cousins reported that emanations from oranges stored in a chamber caused the premature ripening of bananas when these gases were passed through a chamber containing the fruit. However given that oranges synthesize relatively little ethylene compared to other fruits such as apples it is likely that the oranges used by Cousins were infected with the fungus Penicillium which produces copious amounts of ethylene. In 1934 R. Gane and others identified ethylene chemically as a natural product of plant metabolism and because of its dramatic effects on the plant it was classified as a hormone. For 25 years ethylene was not recognized as an important plant hormone mainly because many physiologists believed that the effects of ethylene were due to auxin the first plant hormone to be discovered see Chapter 19 . Auxin was thought to be the main plant hormone and ethylene was considered to play only an insignificant and indirect physiological role. Work .

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