TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Textbook of biochemistry (7th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Textbook of biochemistry" presents the following contents: Clinical and applied biochemistry, nutrition, molecular biology, hormones, advanced biochemistry. Invite you to consult. | CHAPTER 28 Plasma Proteins Chapter at a Glance The reader will be able to answer questions on the following topics Plasma proteins Transport proteins in blood Electrophoresis Acute phase proteins in blood Albumin functions clinical significance Ceruloplasmin Hypoalbuminemia Alpha-1 antitrypsin Globulins alpha beta gamma Clotting factors Total blood volume is about to 5 liters in adult human being. If blood is mixed with an anticoagulant and centrifuged the cell components RBC and WBC are precipitated. The supernatant is called plasma. About 55-60 of blood is made up of plasma. i. If blood is withdrawn without anticoagulant and allowed to clot after about 2 hours liquid portion is separated from the clot. This defibrinated plasma is called serum which lacks coagulation factors including prothrombin and fibrinogen. ii. Total protein content of normal plasma is 6 to 8 g 100 mL. iii. The plasma proteins consist of albumin to 5 g dL globulins - g dL and fibrinogen 200- 400 mg dL . The albumin globulin ratio is usually between 1 to 1. iv. Almost all plasma proteins except immunoglobulins are synthesized in liver. Plasma proteins are generally synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes. Most plasma proteins are glycoproteins. v. In laboratory separation can be done by salts. Thus fibrinogen is precipitated by 10 and globulins by 22 concentration of sodium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate will precipitate globulins at half saturation and albumin at full saturation. vi. In clinical laboratory total proteins in serum or plasma of patients are estimated by Biuret method see Chapter 4 . Albumin is quantitated by Bromo cresol green BCG method in which the dye is preferentially bound with albumin and the color is estimated colorimetrically. I ELECTROPHORESIS In clinical laboratory electrophoresis is employed regularly for separation of serum proteins. The term electrophoresis refers to the movement of charged particles through an electrolyte when subjected to .

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