TAILIEUCHUNG - ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS

There are three things to be said in response to this concern. First, even if it is sometimes true that sensing and adjusting is done automatically or unconsciously, it is not always the case. When, after a long bout of reading, I straighten my frame and enjoy a delicious sensation of stretching, this may be very consciously appreciated and adjusted so as to work out subtle areas of tension that have built up. The reciprocal relation of doing and undergoing is quite conscious: ‘the action and its consequence’ are ‘joined in perception’ . . | o A k OKAGrrrtc A n CHAPTER 39 ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS JOHN A. FISHER The rapid growth of concern for the natural environment over the last third of the twentieth century has brought the welcome reintroduction of nature as a significant topic in aesthetics. In virtue of transforming previous attitudes towards nature envhonmentalist thinking has posed questions about how we conceptualize our aesthetic interactions with nature the aesthetic value of nature and the status of art about nature. Although envhonmental concerns have undoubtedly motivated the new aesthetic interest in nature the term environmental aesthetics connotes two overlapping but distinct themes one emphasizing the aesthetics of nature as understood by environmentalism the second focusing on the notion of environments of all sorts as objects of appreciation. First the environmental roots. Beginning in the romantic era poets and painters began to represent nature as more than merely the backdrop of human enterprise and drama. Nature began to be seen as comprising landscapes compelling in their own wild beauty and objects valuable in their smallest natural detail. Writing later in the nineteenth century Henry David Thoreau and John Muữ in different ways emphasized hands-on interactions with wilderness. In doing so they introduced the radical notions that wild nature is in many respects superior to civilization and its products and that harmonious non-exploitative encounters with it are of transformative value. To this must be added the Darwinian revolution locating humans as merely an element within nature rather than masters of it and the development of ecological thinking the notion that elements of nature are thoroughly interdependent. 668 JOHN A. FISHER This interrelation of natural elements led Aldo Leopold in the 1940s to formulate the Land Ethic A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity stability and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise .

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