TAILIEUCHUNG - Retrovirology Commentary BioMed Central Open Access The co-receptor signaling model of HIV-1

Retrovirology Commentary BioMed Central Open Access The co-receptor signaling model of HIV-1 pathogenesis in peripheral CD4 T cells Yuntao Wu Address: Department of Molecular and Microbiology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA Email: Yuntao Wu - ywu8@ Published: 1 May 2009 Retrovirology 2009, 6:41 doi: Received: 5 March 2009 Accepted: 1 May 2009 This article is available from: © 2009 Wu; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract HIV-mediated CD4 depletion is the hallmark of AIDS and. | Retrovirology BioMed Central Commentary The co-receptor signaling model of HIV-1 pathogenesis in peripheral CD4 T cells Yuntao Wu Open Access Address Department of Molecular and Microbiology George Mason University Manassas VA 20110 USA Email Yuntao Wu - ywu8@ Published I May 2009 Received 5 March 2009 Retrovirology 2009 6 41 doi 1742-4690-6-41 Accepted 1 May 2009 This article is available from http content 6 1 41 2009 Wu licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract HIV-mediated CD4 depletion is the hallmark of AIDS and is the most reliable predictor of disease progression. While HIV replication is associated with CD4 depletion in general plasma viremia by itself predicts the rate of CD4 loss only minimally in untreated patients. To resolve this paradox I hypothesize the existence of a subpopulation of R5X4-signaling viruses. I also suggest that the gradual evolution and emergence of this subpopulation are largely responsible for the slow depletion of peripheral CD4 T cells. Background The human immunodeficiency virus HIV infects CD4 T cells and causes CD4 depletion which leads to the development of AIDS. In the spectrum of clinical signs associated with HIV infection CD4 depletion is a hallmark and is one of the most powerful predictors of disease progression. On the other hand the level of viral replication as reflected by plasma viral RNA load has also been suggested to directly predict progression to AIDS and death 1 . Nevertheless the relationship between plasma viremia and CD4 depletion rate has been a subject of debate 2 . While it is certain that a strong correlation between viral load and CD4 depletion exists when plasma viremia is grouped into different categories .

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