TAILIEUCHUNG - Objects of Metaphor phần 8

Tham khảo tài liệu 'objects of metaphor phần 8', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Embellishment 215 be a young child and the sentence then would be understood as making a claim sort of converse to that made about Tolstoy in T the idea would perhaps be that Ralph is mature beyond his years. Understood in this way 14s is a simile and the claim it makes is figurative. I will return to 14s below but consider now the sentence 14c Ralph is like a a .Punctuation is necessary here and could be achieved in lots of different ways because the sentence as written is intended to capture a highly colloquial form of speech. Imagine that 14c is said to a close friend by a woman who is exasperated with her boyfriend s obsession with Grand Prix racing one among many such obsessions to the exclusion of any activities they might properly share. The colon it could be a comma or an em-rule indicates a slight pause after like and as the italics show it is then followed by an emphatic a man . Assuming as I have been that Ralph is indeed a man what is going on in this and in the myriad similar uses of like in common speech 1 5 The answer given my previous discussion is that speakers use like with its attendant pauses and emphases as a way of forcing what by my lights is semantic descent and qualification. As I have suggested even 14 allows for this but we do not naturally take up this option in such an ordinary case of predication. After all in saying that Ralph is a man we need look no further than the simple attribution to Ralph of the properties that constitute the sense or meaning of man . However by adding like and its apparatus as in 14c to 14 speakers can overcome this reading. In forcing us to understand there to be descent to an exemplar of man that is used as a qualifier attention is focused on the properties of man in a way not apparent in the simpler 14 . However since these properties do apply to Ralph directly we do not really have a metaphor here just the form of one that in this case serves a rhetorical purpose. What then do we say about 14s Obviously .

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