TAILIEUCHUNG - The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review

the strategies profiled cover and demonstrate a broad spectrum of the overlap between sexual and reproductive health and rights and Hiv. the case studies in chapters 1 and 4 address how gender-based violence, harmful gender norms and taboo issues affect women as causes and consequences of Hiv. the importance of prioritizing women on the margins and engaging young people through comprehensive sexuality education is also investigated in chapters 3 and 7. the case studies profiled in chapter 5 demonstrate Hiv-positive mothers in the united kingdom and uganda providing leadership and peer support around positive pregnancy. elsewhere, the report examines how. | Agarwal et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2012 10 49 http content 10 1 49 rj 2Ị i REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY J AND endocrinology REVIEW Open Access The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction a review Ashok Agarwal Anamar Aponte-Mellado Beena J Premkumar Amani Shaman and Sajal Gupta Abstract Oxidative stress OS a state characterized by an imbalance between pro-oxidant molecules including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses has been identified to play a key role in the pathogenesis of subfertility in both males and females. The adverse effects of OS on sperm quality and functions have been well documented. In females on the other hand the impact of OS on oocytes and reproductive functions remains unclear. This imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can lead to a number of reproductive diseases such as endometriosis polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS and unexplained infertility. Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion recurrent pregnancy loss and preeclampsia can also develop in response to OS. Studies have shown that extremes of body weight and lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking alcohol use and recreational drug use can promote excess free radical production which could affect fertility. Exposures to environmental pollutants are of increasing concern as they too have been found to trigger oxidative states possibly contributing to female infertility. This article will review the currently available literature on the roles of reactive species and OS in both normal and abnormal reproductive physiological processes. Antioxidant supplementation may be effective in controlling the production of ROS and continues to be explored as a potential strategy to overcome reproductive disorders associated with infertility. However investigations conducted to date have been through animal or in vitro studies which have produced largely conflicting results. The impact of OS on assisted reproductive .

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