TAILIEUCHUNG - Volume 08 - Mechanical Testing and Evaluation Part 15

Tham khảo tài liệu 'volume 08 - mechanical testing and evaluation part 15', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | The area in which stresses are to be measured must be accessible to a rather bulky drilling or coring alignment device. Preparation of the surface for strain gage adherence may induce residual stresses that introduce substantial error to the subsequent measurement Ref 71 . In conclusion the drilling and ring coring methods are nearly nondestructive variations of the destructive mechanical stress relief techniques and require only rather simple equipment and instrumentation. The state-of-the-art is relatively well developed compared to many nondestructive methods some of which require considerable research and development work before they will ever be suitable to general application in terms of alloys and stress field conditions. Technological advancements in hole drilling and ring coring have largely been due to advancements in the more general areas of mechanical stress relief methods and research in new metal removal techniques for metal fabrication. Indentation Methods. For more than six decades engineers and scientists have proposed the use of indentors such as those used to perform hardness measurements as a means to measure or detect surface residual stresses. Kokubo in 1932 reported that stresses applied under bending load changed the apparent Vickers hardness values in carbon steel rolled sheets both as rolled and annealed. He showed that tensile stresses tended to decrease the apparent hardness and compressive stresses tended to increase the hardness. The stresses applied in tension and compression were sufficient to cause strain. Two decades later Sines and Carlson Ref 72 proposed a method that required various amounts of external loads to be applied to the component in which residual stresses were to be measured while hardness measurements were made. The loads were made to cause both tensile and compressive applied stresses. The quality that is whether the residual stress was compressive or tensile was then revealed by comparing the effect of the .

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