TAILIEUCHUNG - economic english 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'economic english 6', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | UNIFYING CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES A change is often a response to a gradient or a difference in a property in two parts of a system. Here are some examples of common gradients and the changes they drive. Difference in temperature causes heat to flow from hotter object region to colder object region . Difference in pressure causes liquid water or gas air to flow from region of high pressure to region of low pressure. Difference in electric potential causes electrons to flow from high potential to low potential. Difference in concentration causes matter to flow until concentrations in two regions are equalized. Measurement An established principle in science is that observations should be quantified as much as possible. This means that rather than reporting that it s a nice day out a scientist needs to define this statement with numbers. By nice two different people can mean two different things. Some like hot weather. Some like lots of snow. But giving the specifics on the temperature humidity pressure wind speed and direction clouds and rainfall allows everyone to picture exactly what kind of a nice day we are having. For the same reason a scientist studying the response of dogs to loud noise wouldn t state that the dog hates it when it s loud. A scientist would quantify the amount of noise in decibels units of sound intensity and carefully note the behavior and actions of the dog in response to the sound without making judgment about the dog s deep feelings. Now that you are convinced that quantifying observations is a healthy practice in science you will probably agree that instruments and units are also useful. In the table at the bottom of the page are the most common properties scientists measure and common units these properties are measured in. You don t need to COMMON UNITS OF MEASURE Length or distance meter about a yard centimeter about half an inch micrometer about the size of a cell nanometer often used for wavelengths of light angstrom about the size of

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