TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 074. Biology of Obesity (Part 3)

The Adipocyte and Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue is composed of the lipid-storing adipose cell and a stromal/vascular compartment in which cells including preadipocytes and macrophages reside. Adipose mass increases by enlargement of adipose cells through lipid deposition, as well as by an increase in the number of adipocytes. Obese adipose tissue is also characterized by increased numbers of infiltrating macrophages. The process by which adipose cells are derived from a mesenchymal preadipocyte involves an orchestrated series of differentiation steps mediated by a cascade of specific transcription factors. One of the key transcription factors is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ),. | Chapter 074. Biology of Obesity Part 3 The Adipocyte and Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue is composed of the lipid-storing adipose cell and a stromal vascular compartment in which cells including preadipocytes and macrophages reside. Adipose mass increases by enlargement of adipose cells through lipid deposition as well as by an increase in the number of adipocytes. Obese adipose tissue is also characterized by increased numbers of infiltrating macrophages. The process by which adipose cells are derived from a mesenchymal preadipocyte involves an orchestrated series of differentiation steps mediated by a cascade of specific transcription factors. One of the key transcription factors is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y PPARy a nuclear receptor that binds the thiazolidinedione class of insulin-sensitizing drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes Chap. 338 . Although the adipocyte has generally been regarded as a storage depot for fat it is also an endocrine cell that releases numerous molecules in a regulated fashion Fig. 74-3 . These include the energy balance-regulating hormone leptin cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor TNF a and interleukin IL -6 complement factors such as factor D also known as adipsin prothrombotic agents such as plasminogen activator inhibitor I and a component of the blood pressure regulating system angiotensinogen. Adiponectin an abundant adipose-derived protein whose levels are reduced in obesity enhances insulin sensitivity and lipid oxidation and it has vascular protective effects whereas resistin and RBP4 whose levels are increased in obesity may induce insulin resistance. These factors and others not yet identified play a role in the physiology of lipid homeostasis insulin sensitivity blood pressure control coagulation and vascular health and are likely to contribute to obesity-related pathologies. Figure 74-3 Complemcm factors Fact D adtpsin Hormones Leptin Adiponectin Hesistin Cytokines TFN-o IL-6 Substrates Free .

• Y học thường thức
• Biology of Obesity
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