TAILIEUCHUNG - Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback_5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'organizational learning from performance feedback_5', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Applications 81 alternatives in business situations especially when choosing between a sure loss and a bet between zero and a larger loss. Second managers chose moderate levels of risk in both types of personal decisions picking bets over the sure payout in the betting situation and taking risky investments but not the riskiest in the investment situation. Although the responses to the investment decisions showed a somewhat higher propensity to risk than non-managers have the results suggest that managers acting as managers take more risks than managers acting as individuals. This may be because the managers enact the normatively approved risk-taker role in work-related decisions but not in private decisions March and Shapira 1987 . Managers also appear to be highly sensitive to context when making risky choices. A study comparing the risk taking of each individual across several private and business choices found that the level of risk taking differed so greatly across situations that it was not meaningful to characterize individual managers as general risk takers or risk averters MacCrimmon and Wehrung 1986 . Dividing the choices into the business and personal domain increased the consistency in each domain and showed that the greatest consistency was found inside the personal domain of risk taking. Within each domain the responses to situations involving mostly gains differed from the responses to situations involving mainly losses as one would expect from the use of zero no gain or loss as an aspiration level. The conclusion is that managers are sensitive to the context of a risktaking situation and this sensitivity is related both to the domain of the risk and to the goals invoked by the situation. The lower consistency of risk taking in business situations could be taken to imply that managers are less careful when making decisions on behalf of the organization. Although this interpretation is possible it seems more likely that the inconsistency occurs .

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