TAILIEUCHUNG - Oxford practice grammar part 36

Tham khảo tài liệu 'oxford practice grammar part 36', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 143 Relative clauses participle and to-infinitive A Relative clauses with a participle Read this news report about an accident. Several people were injured this morning when a lorry carrying concrete pipes overturned in the centre of town and hit two cars. Ambulances called to the scene took a long time to get through the rush hour traffic. The accident happened in Alfred Road where road repairs are under way. People who saw the accident say that the lorry hit the cars after it swerved to avoid a pile of stones left in the road. The traffic chaos caused by the accident has meant long delays for people travelling to work. Carrying concrete pipes called to the scene etc are relative clauses they relate to a noun. Carrying concrete pipes tells us something about a lorry. We can form these clauses with an active participle . carrying or a passive participle . called. The participles can refer to the present or the past. ACTIVE There are delays this morning for people travelling to work. people who are travelling to work A lorry carrying concrete pipes has overturned. a lorry which was carrying pipes the path leading to the church the path which leads led to the church The active participle means the same as a pronoun a continuous verb . which is was carrying or a pronoun a simple verb . which leads led. PASSIVE have a message for people delayed by the traffic chaos. people who are being delayed We noticed a pile of stones left in the road. stones which had been left there food sold in supermarkets food which is was sold in supermarkets The passive participle means the same as a pronoun a passive verb . which is was sold. But we do NOT use the active participle for a single action in the past. The police want to interview people who saw the accident. NOTpeople seeing the accident B Relative clauses with a to-infinitive Look at this structure with the to-infinitive. New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote. the first country which gave .

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