TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Organic chemistry - Chapter 2: Alkanes, thermodynamics, and kinetics

Chapter 2 - Alkanes, thermodynamics, and kinetics. In this chapter, students will be able to understand: All reactions are equilibria, chemical thermodynamics and kinetics, equilibria, equilibria and free energy, potential energy diagrams, rate determining transition state,.and other contents. | Combustion How warm, how fast? Petroleum!! Chapter 2: Alkanes, Thermodynamics, And Kinetics All Reactions Are Equilibria “Barrier” kcal/mol Exothermicity CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O What governs these equilibria? ~20 high -213 kcal mol-1 Equilibrium lies very much to the right. kcal mol-1 CH3Cl + Na+ -OH CH3OH + Na+ Cl- or Chemical Thermodynamics: Energy changes during reaction, extent of “completion of equilibration,” “to the left/right,” “driving force.” 2. Chemical Kinetics: How fast is equilibrium established; rates of disappearance of starting materials or appearance of products Chemical Thermodynamics And Kinetics The two principles may or may not go in tandem [ ] = concentration in mol L-1 Equilibria Two typical cases [A] [reactants] [B] [products] K = equilibrium constant K = [C][D] [A][B] If K large: reaction “complete,” “to the right,” “downhill.” How do we quantify? Gibbs free energy, ∆G° A + B C + D A B K K = K = 1. 2. Gibbs Free Energy ∆G° The “° ” refers to molecules in .

• Hoá học
• Organic chemistry
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Bài giảng Hóa học hữu cơ
• Chemical thermodynamics
• Potential energy diagrams
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Determining organic structures
• nucleophilic addition
• Organic structures
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Principles of organic chemistry
• Methods of organic chemistry
• The methane series
• The acetylene series
• Polybasic acids
• High school
• University entrance exam
• Teaching organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry exam question
• Interdisciplinary science
• Advanced practical organic chemistry
• Functional groups
• Organic synthesis reagents
• The structure
• Reactions of organic names
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry
• Carbonyl alpha substitution reactions
• Condensation reactions
• Structure determination
• The organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry principles in context
• Starch to the principles
• The structures of organic molecules
• Mass spectrometers
• Infrared spectrometers
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers
• Modern physical organic chemistry
• Strain and stability
• Covalent binding forces
• Electronic organic materials
• Thermal pericyclic reactions
• The study of organic chemistry
• Stereochemistry and resonance
• Identification of organic compounds
• Elimination reactions
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Electron delocalization
• Organic compounds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons
• Aromatic alcohols
• Aromatic compounds containing
• Inorganic chemistry
• A guidebook to mechanism in organic chemistry
• Aromatic systems
• Linear free energy relationships
• Symmetry controlled reactions
• Fatty acid catabolism
• The chemistry of the carbonyl group
• The industrial road toward increasing efficiency
• Chemistry of benzene
• Derivatives of benzene
• Summary of Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Biological evaluation
• Chemistry of natural compounds
• Ideas in chemistry
• Molecular sciences
• Synthetic chemistry
• Innovative processes in organic chemistry
• Predictive tools
• Organic chemical reactions
• Electronic Structure
• Electronic configurations of atoms
• Electronic configurations
• Wave properties of electrons
• Wave interactions
• Stereochemistry of alkanes
• Alkane conformations
• Chemical reactions
• Chlorination of Methane
• Chiral carbons
• Nonmobile conformers
• Alkyl Halides