TAILIEUCHUNG - Myelin disorders and stem cells: As therapies and models

Myelin disorders burden millions of people around the world, yet existing therapies are inadequate to cure them. Current remedies commonly treat the symptoms with minimal to no effect on the actual cause of the disorder. The basis and/or the mechanism of demyelination is not known for many of the disorders either. | Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2016) 40: 1068-1080 © TÜBİTAK doi: Review Article Myelin disorders and stem cells: as therapies and models 1 2 1 1,2, Fatmagül İlayda AYDINLI , Eşref ÇELİK , Burcu Kurt VATANDAŞLAR , Bilal E. KERMAN * Research Center for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (REMER), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey 1 Received: Accepted/Published Online: Final Version: Abstract: Myelin disorders burden millions of people around the world, yet existing therapies are inadequate to cure them. Current remedies commonly treat the symptoms with minimal to no effect on the actual cause of the disorder. The basis and/or the mechanism of demyelination is not known for many of the disorders either. In recent years, stem cells of variable origin have been used in clinical trials as transplant agents to restore the defective biochemical process or the damaged tissue. We summarize the outcomes of these trials for demyelination disorders. The capability of reprograming mature cells into stem cells equips researchers with a new tool to replicate disease phenotypes in cell culture dishes for basic research and therapeutic screens. The applications of in vitro myelination disorder models are also discussed. The combined outcome of the discussed studies offers a promising future as stem cell transplantation generally results in decreased symptoms and improved quality of life. However, the mechanism of action of the interventions is not known and in cases of negative outcomes the reasons are usually obscure. Further basic science studies along with clinical interventions should close the knowledge gap and should help spread the positive results to a larger population. Key words: Stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, myelin, Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease,

• Sinh học
• Stem cells
• Induced pluripotent stem cells
• Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
• Phenotypic of expanded adipose derived stem cells
• Cytogenetic characterization of expanded adipose derived stem cells
• Expanded adipose derived stem cells
• Adipose stem cells
• Human adipose derived stem cells
• Cancer stem cells
• Precancerous stem cells
• Very small embryonic like stem cells
• Pharmacological strategies
• Drug resistance
• Regenerative medicine
• Stem cells and regenerative medicine
• Stem cells for the nervous system
• Nervous system
• Stem cells for liver
• Embryonic stem cells
• Mesenchymal stem cells
• Stem cell based therapy
• Human embryonic stem cell
• Primordial germ cells
• Genetic reprogramming
• Transcription factors
• Embryonic germ cells
• Nuclear reprogramming
• Stem cell fate
• Leukemic stem cells
• Treatment of tumors
• Heterogeneous cell
• Leukemia elegantly
• Bone regeneration
• Dental pulp stem cells
• Human periapical cysts mesenchymal stem cells
• hPCy MSCs
• Inhibited growth of mesenchymal stem cells
• Mesenchymal stem cells under simulated microgravity
• Simulated microgravity
• Cyclin dependent kinase 6
• Transfection efficiency
• Pluronic PF68
• Transfect human tooth germ stem cells
• BMC Cancer
• Type 35 adenovirus fiber
• Human mesenchymal stem cells
• Coxsackie adenovirus receptor
• Limbal stem cell deficiency
• Limbal epithelial transplantation
• Limbal stem cells
• Stem cell transplantation
• Cell tracking
• BMC Pediatrics
• Hematopoietic stem cells
• Peripheral blood circulating stem cells
• Blood testing
• Premature infants
• Cell reprogramming
• Dental pulp
• Definitive endoderm
• Cryopreserved dental pulp tissues
• Hepatocyte like cells
• Endothelial cells from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells
• Optimized single layer culture system
• Porcine induced pluripotent stem
• CD31 positive cells
• Low density lipoprotein
• Adipose tissue
• Wound healing
• Multipotent character
• Three dimensional cell culture
• Umbilical cord mensenchymal stem cells
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Glioma stem cell
• Mesenchymal stem cell
• Cell fusion
• Glioma neovascularization
• Testes somatic stem cells
• JAK/STAT signaling
• Genetically tractable
• Stem cell biology
• Therapeutic cells
• Clinical trials
• Therapeutic cells to pretrial clinical research
• Japanese brand sources
• Journal of Biology
• Endothelial cells
• Fluid shear stress
• Integrin β1
• Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
• Oxidative stress
• Reactive oxygen species
• Antioxidant enzymes
• Cardiomyogenic differentiation
• Plasma gel
• Tissue engineering