TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 23: The evolution of populations

In this chapter, you should be able to: Explain why the majority of point mutations are harmless; explain how sexual recombination generates genetic variability; define the terms population, species, gene pool, relative fitness, and neutral variation; list the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. | Ch. 22/23 Warm-up List 5 different pieces of evidence for evolution. (Review) What are the 3 ways that sexual reproduction produces genetic diversity? What is 1 thing you are grateful for today? Ch. 23 Warm-up In a population of 200 mice, 98 are homozygous dominant for brown coat color (BB), 84 are heterozygous (Bb), and 18 are homozygous (bb). The allele frequencies of this population are: B allele: b allele: The genotype frequencies are: BB: Bb: bb: Use the above info to determine the genotype frequencies of the next generation: B (p): b (q): BB (p2): Bb (2pq): bb (q2): Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations What you must know: How mutation and sexual reproduction each produce genetic variation. The conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. How to use the Hardy-Weinburg equation to calculate allelic frequencies and to test whether a population is evolving. Smallest unit of evolution Microevolution: change in the allele frequencies of a population over generations Darwin did not know how organisms passed traits to offspring 1866 - Mendel published his paper on genetics Mendelian genetics supports Darwin’s theory Evolution is based on genetic variation Sources of Genetic Variation Point mutations: changes in one base (eg. sickle cell) Chromosomal mutations: delete, duplicate, disrupt, rearrange usually harmful Sexual recombination: contributes to most of genetic variation in a population Crossing Over (Meiosis – Prophase I) Independent Assortment of Chromosomes (during meiosis) Random Fertilization (sperm + egg) Population genetics: study of how populations change genetically over time Population: group of individuals that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring Gene pool: all of the alleles for all genes in all the members of the population Diploid species: 2 alleles for a gene (homozygous/heterozygous) Fixed allele: all members of a population only have 1 allele for a particular trait The .

• Sinh học
• Lecture AP Biology
• Systems biology
• Biological sciences
• Biological organization
• Evolution of populations
• Natural selection
• Conservation biology
• Global change
• Levels of biological organization
• Elements of life
• Atomic structure
• Hydrogen bonding
• Water’s properties
• Importance of carbon
• Diversity of carbon
• Nucleic acids
• Large biological molecules
• Cell theory
• Cellular function
• Membrane structure
• Membrane function
• Anabolic pathways
• Law of thermodynamics
• Cellular respiration
• Chemical energy
• Calvin cycle
• Light reactions
• Cell communication
• Cell signaling
• Cell cycle
• Cell division
• Sexual life cycles
• Inheritance of genes
• Mendelian genetics
• Mendel’s experimental
• Chromosomal basis of inheritance
• Human development
• Molecular basis
• Structure of DNA
• Genetic information
• Gene expression
• Genetics of viruses
• Metabolic pathways
• Viral reproduction
• Lysogenic reproductive cycles
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Restriction enzymes
• Genome sequencing
• Gene density
• Darwinian view of life
• Evolutionary theory
• Evidence for evolution
• Convergent evolution