TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Introduction to computing systems (from bits & gates to C & beyond): Chapter 1 - Yale N. Patt, Sanjay J. Patel

Chapter 1 - Welcome aboard! After studying this lecture you will be able to understand: What computers consist of? How computers work? How they are organized internally? What are the design tradeoffs? How design affects programming and applications? | Introduction to computing systems from bits & gates to C & beyond yale n. patt & sanjay j. patel ©2001 1 - Chapter 1 Welcome Aboard! Understanding Computer Systems Three basic questions associated with understanding computing systems: What are computing systems used for? How are computing systems implemented? What are computing systems able to do and how well can they do it? 1 - Computing Machines Ubiquitous ( = everywhere) General purpose: servers, desktops, laptops, PDAs, etc. Special purpose: cash registers, ATMs, games, telephone switches, etc. Embedded: cars, hotel doors, printers, VCRs, industrial machinery, medical equipment, etc. Distinguishing Characteristics Speed Cost Ease of use, software support & interface Scalability 1 - This course is about: What computers consist of How computers work How they are organized internally What are the design tradeoffs How design affects programming and applications How to fix computers How to build myself one real cheap Which one to buy Knowing more about how a PentiumIII or PowerPC works internally 1 - What is Computer Organization? a very wide gap between the intended behavior and the raw (unorganized) electronic devices. The forerunners to modern computers attempted to assemble the raw devices (mechanical, electrical, or electronic) into a separate purpose-built machine for each desired behavior. Electronic Devices Desired Behavior 1 - Role of General Purpose Computers We will break the gap into multiple levels and build an island in the middle. A general purpose computer is an island that bridges the gap between the desired behavior (application) and the raw material (electronic devices). Electronic Devices Desired Behavior General Purpose Computer computer organization software 1 - Two Important Ideas Universal Computational Devices Given enough time and memory, all computers are capable of computing exactly the same things (irrespective of speed, size or cost). Turing’s Thesis: every .

• Phần cứng
• Computing systems
• Introduction to computing systems
• Computing machines
• Computer organization
• General purpose computers
• General purpose computers
• Data types
• Decimal numbers
• Digital logic structures
• Electronic ones
• The von Neumann Model
• Instruction cycle
• Operate instructions
• Data movement instructions
• LC 2 assembly language
• Assembly language instructions
• Device registers
• I O basics
• TRAP routines
• Privileged instructions
• Stack data structure
• Interrupt I O
• LC 3 instruction set architecture
• LC 3 data path
• Problem solving
• Structured programming
• Machine architecture
• Unsigned integers
• Von Neumann machine
• Instruction set architecture