TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Introduction to computing systems: Chapter 1 - Yale N. Patt, Sanjay J. Patel

After studying this lecture you will be able to understand: What computers consist of? How computers work? How they are organized internally? What are the design tradeoffs? How design affects programming and applications? | 1 - Chapter 1 Welcome Aboard! What computers consist of How computers work How they are organized internally What are the design tradeoffs How design affects programming and applications How to fix computers How to build myself one real cheap Which one to buy Knowing all about the Pentium IV or PowerPC This course is about: 1 - Computing Machines Ubiquitous ( = everywhere) General purpose: servers, desktops, laptops, PDAs, etc. Special purpose: cash registers, ATMs, games, telephone switches, etc. Embedded: cars, hotel doors, printers, VCRs, industrial machinery, medical equipment, etc. Distinguishing Characteristics Speed Cost Ease of use, software support & interface Scalability 1 - Two recurring themes Abstraction The notion that we can concentrate on one “level” of the big picture at a time, with confidence that we can then connect effectively with the levels above and below. Framing the levels of abstraction appropriately is one of the most important skills in any undertaking. Hardware vs. Software On the other hand, abstraction does not mean being clueless about the neighboring levels. In particular, hardware and software are inseparably connected, especially at the level we will be studying. 1 - What is Computer Organization? a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the workings of the underlying electronic devices that will actually do all the work. The forerunners to modern computers attempted to assemble the raw devices (mechanical, electrical, or electronic) into a separate purpose-built machine for each desired behavior. Electronic Devices Desired Behavior 1 - Role of General Purpose Computers A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks (electronic devices). Electronic Devices Desired Behavior General Purpose Computer computer organization software 1 - CPUs: the heart of computing systems ca 1980 It took 10 of .

• Phần cứng
• Computing systems
• Introduction to computing systems
• Computing machines
• Computer organization
• General purpose computers
• General purpose computers
• Data types
• Decimal numbers
• Digital logic structures
• Electronic ones
• The von Neumann Model
• Instruction cycle
• Operate instructions
• Data movement instructions
• LC 2 assembly language
• Assembly language instructions
• Device registers
• I O basics
• TRAP routines
• Privileged instructions
• Stack data structure
• Interrupt I O
• LC 3 instruction set architecture
• LC 3 data path
• Problem solving
• Structured programming
• Machine architecture
• Unsigned integers
• Von Neumann machine
• Instruction set architecture