TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Mosby's paramedic textbook (4th ed) - Chapter 25: Neurology

This chapter include objectives: Identify the purpose of the patient care report; describe the uses of the patient care report; outline the components of an accurate, thorough patient care report; describe the elements of a properly written emergency medical services (EMS) document; describe an effective system for documenting the narrative section of a prehospital patient care report;. | 9/10/2012 1 Chapter 25 Neurology 2 Lesson Anatomy, Physiology Pathophysiology, and Assessment 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/10/2012 Learning Objectives • Describe anatomy and physiology of nervous system. • Outline pathophysiological changes in nervous system that may alter the cerebral perfusion pressure. • Describe assessment of patient with nervous system disorder. 4 Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology • Divided into two parts – Central nervous system (CNS) – Peripheral nervous system (PNS) • Ability of human body to maintain state of balance (homeostasis) is chiefly result of nervous system’s ability to coordinate and regulate body’s activities 5 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/10/2012 Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology • CNS consists of brain and spinal cord – Both are encased in and protected by bone – Total of 43 pairs of nerves originate from CNS to form PNS – 12 pairs of cranial nerves originate from brain – 31 pairs of spinal nerves originate from spinal cord 7 Nervous System Cells • Cells of nervous system – Neurons • Basic units of nervous system • Connective tissue cells – Neuroglia • Specialized cells that protect and hold functioning neurons together – Each neuron has three main parts • Cell body, which has a single, relatively large nucleus with prominent nucleolus • One or more branching projections, called dendrites • Single, elongated projection, known as axon 8 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/10/2012 Nervous System Cells • Dendrites transmit impulses to cell bodies • Axons – Transmit impulses away from cell bodies – Surrounded by supportive and protective sheaths formed by cytoplasmic extensions of neuroglial cells in CNS (unmyelinated axons) – Surrounded by Schwann cells in PNS (myelinated axons) 10 Nervous System Cells • .

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