TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Pediatric malignancies pathology and imaging: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Pediatric malignancies pathology and imaging" presentation of content: Pediatric cancer in the head and neck, malignancies of the pediatric lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, pancreatic and hepatic malignancies in children, malignant renal tumors, germ cell and gonadal tumours,. | 7 Pediatric Cancer in the Head and Neck Zhongxin Yu, David M. Parham, and Marcia Komlos Kukreja Overview of Head and Neck Malignancies Head and neck malignancies typically occur in adults, often as a result of tobacco and/or alcohol exposure [1, 2]. More recently, oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure related to oral sex has been related to a rise in head and neck cancers among nonsmokers [3]. These factors and others make the head and neck region a major focus for adult oncology. In children, the situation differs, as head and neck cancers fortunately are quite rare. However, more typical cancers of childhood such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma show a predilection for this anatomic region, as do unusual neoplasms such as NUT-translocation carcinoma and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor. Infections may also give rise to juvenile head and neck cancers; among these are oncogenic HPV infections, usually acquired at birth, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, which may initiate poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas. In the following section we also discuss pediatric thyroid cancers, which may arise secondary to irradiation, autoimmune stimulation, or an inherited propensity for cancer. For the purposes of discussion, the central nervous system and eyes are excluded, and the head and neck region may be conveniently divided into the nose, oral cavity, salivary glands, ear, and larynx. In addition, it contains a bilobate thyroid gland, four parathyroid glands, and various ganglia, paraganglia, and lymphatic related structures. All of these regions are housed within a skeletal or connective tissue framework, supplied by neurovascular structures, and mobilized by a complex series of muscles, including the tongue. Any of these structures may become the site of origin of a pediatric cancer. Embryologic development of the head and neck proceeds by an intricate orchestration of signals among the neural tube, adjacent neuroectoderm, cephalic mesoderm, .

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• Pediatric malignancies pathology
• The head and neck
• The pediatric lower respiratory tract
• Hepatic malignancies in children
• Malignant renal tumors
• Gonadal tumours
• The diagnosis of pediatric tumors
• Imaging techniques used
• Soft tissue sarcomas
• Malignant bone tumors
• Tumors of lymphoid