TAILIEUCHUNG - Plant physiology - Chapter 6 Solute Transport

PLANT CELLS ARE SEPARATED from their environment by a plasma membrane that is only two lipid molecules thick. This thin layer separates a relatively constant internal environment from highly variable external surroundings. In addition to forming a hydrophobic barrier to diffusion, the membrane must facilitate and continuously regulate the inward and outward traffic of selected molecules and ions as the cell takes up nutrients, exports wastes, and regulates its turgor pressure. | Chapter 6 Solute Transport PLANT CELLS ARE SEPARATED from their environment by a plasma membrane that is only two lipid molecules thick. This thin layer separates a relatively constant internal environment from highly variable external surroundings. In addition to forming a hydrophobic barrier to diffusion the membrane must facilitate and continuously regulate the inward and outward traffic of selected molecules and ions as the cell takes up nutrients exports wastes and regulates its turgor pressure. The same is true of the internal membranes that separate the various compartments within each cell. As the cell s only contact with its surroundings the plasma membrane must also relay information about its physical environment about molecular signals from other cells and about the presence of invading pathogens. Often these signal transduction processes are mediated by changes in ion fluxes across the membrane. Molecular and ionic movement from one location to another is known as transport. Local transport of solutes into or within cells is regulated mainly by membranes. Larger-scale transport between plant and environment or between leaves and roots is also controlled by membrane transport at the cellular level. For example the transport of sucrose from leaf to root through the phloem referred to as translocation is driven and regulated by membrane transport into the phloem cells of the leaf and from the phloem to the storage cells of the root see Chapter 10 . In this chapter we will consider first the physical and chemical principles that govern the movements of molecules in solution. Then we will show how these principles apply to membranes and to biological systems. We will also discuss the molecular mechanisms of transport in living cells and the great variety of membrane transport proteins that are responsible for the particular transport properties of plant cells. Finally we will examine the pathway that ions take when they enter the root as well as the .

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