TAILIEUCHUNG - A Checklist for Retrospective Database Studies—Report of the ISPOR Task Force on Retrospective Databases

Many distributed storage systems achieve high data access through- put via partitioning and replication, each system with its own ad- vantages and tradeoffs. In order to achieve high scalability, how- ever, today’s systems generally reduce transactional support, disal- lowing single transactions fromspanning multiple partitions. Calvin is a practical transaction scheduling and data replication layer that uses a deterministic ordering guarantee to significantly reduce the normally prohibitive contention costs associated with distributed transactions. Unlike previous deterministic database system proto- types, Calvin supports disk-based storage, scales near-linearly on aclusterofcommoditymachines,andhasnosinglepointoffail- ure. By replicating transaction inputs rather than effects, Calvin is also able to support multiple consistency levels—including Paxos- based strong consistency across geographically distant replicas—at no cost. | Volume 6 Number 2 2003 VALUE IN HEALTH A Checklist for Retrospective Database Studies Report of the ISPOR Task Force on Retrospective Databases Brenda Motheral MBA PhD 1 John Brooks PhD 2 Mary Ann Clark MHA 3 William H. Crown PhD 4 Peter Davey MD FRCP 5 Dave Hutchins MBA MHSA 6 Bradley C. Martin PharmD PhD 7 Paul Stang PhD8 1Express Scripts Maryland Heights MO USA 2College of Pharmacy University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA 3Boston Scientific Corporation Natick MA USA 4The Medstat Group Cambridge MA USA 5Department of Clinical Pharmacology University of Dundee Dundee UK 6Advanced PCS Health Systems Inc. Scottsdale AZ USA 7College of Pharmacy University of Georgia Athens GA USA 8Galt Associates Inc. Blue Bell PA USA ABSTRACT Introduction Health-related retrospective databases in particular claims databases continue to be an important data source for outcomes research. However retrospective databases pose a series of methodological challenges some of which are unique to this data source. Methods In an effort to assist decision makers in evaluating the quality of published studies that use health-related retrospective databases a checklist was developed that focuses on issues that are unique to database studies or are particularly problematic in database research. This checklist was developed primarily for the commonly used medical claims or encounter-based databases but could potentially be used to assess retrospective studies that employ other types of databases such as disease registries and national survey data. Results Written in the form of 27 questions the checklist can be used to guide decision makers as they consider the database the study methodology and the study conclusions. Checklist questions cover a wide range of issues including relevance reliability and validity data linkages eligibility determination research design treatment effects sample selection censoring variable definitions resource valuation statistical .

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