TAILIEUCHUNG - Mechanical Properties of Engineered Materials 2008 Part 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'mechanical properties of engineered materials 2008 part 10', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 9 Introduction to Composites INTRODUCTION Two approaches can be used to engineer improved mechanical properties of materials. One involves the modification of the internal structure of a given material system intrinsic modification by minor alloying processing and or heat treatment variations. However after a number of iterations an asymptotic limit will soon be reached by this approach as the properties come close to the intrinsic limits for any given system. In contrast an almost infinite array of properties may be engineered by the second approach which involves extrinsic modification by the introduction of additional external phases. For example the strength of a system may be improved by reinforcement with a second phase that has higher strength than the intrinsic limit of the host material which is commonly known as the matrix. The resulting system that is produced by the mixture of two or more phases is known as a composite material. Note that this rather general definition of a composite applies to both synthetic man-made and natural existing in nature composite materials. Hence concrete is a synthetic composite that consists of sand cement and stone and wood is a natural composite that consists primarily of hemicellulose fibers in a matrix of lignin. More commonly however most of Copyright 2003 Marcel Dekker Inc. us are familiar with polymer matrix composites that are often used in modern tennis racquets and pole vaults. We also know from watching athletic events that these so-called advanced composite materials promote significant improvements in performance. This chapter introduces the concepts that are required for a basic understanding of the effects of composite reinforcement on composite strength and modulus. Following a brief description of the different types of composite materials mixture rules are presented for composite systems reinforced with continuous and discontinuous fibers. This is followed by an introduction to composite deformation .

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