TAILIEUCHUNG - Effects of Air Pollution on Red Blood Cells in Children

Common choices for representing the smooth function f in model (1) include natural splines, penalized splines and smoothing splines. (Other less common choices are LOESS smoothers or harmonic functions.) The first is fully parametric, whereas the last two may be considered more natural splines, we construct a spline basis with knots at fixed locations through- out the range of the data and the choice of knot locations can have a substantial effect on the resulting smooth. Smoothing splines and penalized splines circumvent the problem of choosing the knot locations by constructing a very large spline basis and then penalizing the spline coeffi- cients to reduce the. | Polish J. of Environ. Stud. Vol. 17 No. 2 2008 267-271 Original Research Effects of Air Pollution on Red Blood Cells in Children M. Nikolic D. Nikic A. Stankovic School of Medicine University of Nis Serbia Avenue dr Zoran Djindjic 81 18000 Nis Serbia Received June 21 2007 Accepted December 19 2007 Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate any effects in red blood cells in children exposed to air pollution. The subjects were 354 pupils aged 11-14 years living for more than ten years in the same home. The exposed group of children n 215 were attending school in a city area with a high level of air pollution while the children in the comparison group n 139 designated the non-exposed group were attending school in an area with a lower level of air pollution. The mean value of hemoglobin g ml for exposed children was and for non-exposed children . The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia was made using the pre-defined criteria. The air concentrations of black smoke nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide and lead in sediment matter were determined from 1990 to 2000. The red blood cell count and average of hemoglobin blood levels of exposed children differ significantly from those of the non-exposed P . There was also a significant difference in the prevalence of anemia in children exposed to higher concentrations of air pollutants RR 95 CI . These findings suggest that air pollution could have negative effects on red blood cells in children. Keywords air pollution children iron deficiency anemia red blood cells Introduction Although air pollution has long been thought to exacerbate minor acute illnesses in children there is increasingly strong evidence that air pollution is associated with nontrivial increases in infant mortality and chronic disease in children 1-3 . Overall evidence for effects of air pollution on children has been growing and effects are seen at concentrations that are common today. Although many of these .

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