TAILIEUCHUNG - Determining meaning from context 2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'determining meaning from context 2', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | ------------------------- READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS ------------------------------------- Cause and Effect Another common organizational pattern is cause and effect. A cause is a person or thing that makes something happen creates an effect . An effect is an event or change created by an action or cause . A passage about cause explains why something took place. You might ask for example What caused the Industrial Revolution A passage about effect on the other hand explains what happened after something took place. What happened as a result of the Industrial Revolution How did it affect the economy Daily life Education Just as certain key words indicate whether you re comparing or contrasting other key words indicate whether things are causes or effects. Here is a partial list of words and phrases that indicate cause and effect WORDS INDICATING CAUSE because of created by since caused by WORDS INDICATING EFFECT therefore so hence consequently as a result How This Can Help You on the TOEFL Exam Familiarity with organizational patterns can help you in several ways as you prepare for and take the TOEFL exam. Once you recognize an organizational pattern you can anticipate what s ahead. This often makes it easier to understand and remember what you read. It also makes it easier to find specific information in the text for those specific fact detail questions. When you know the structure of a passage you can also make better decisions about where to insert new information. For example read this passage The current measure used to calculate poverty levels was introduced in 1963. At that time the poverty line for a family of two adults and two children was about 3 100. In 1992 there were million people or percent of the . population with incomes below the poverty line. 1 A proposed new way of measuring poverty levels would take into account the effects of work-related expenses such as transportation and child-care costs. 2 By including these costs fewer .

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