TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Phytophthora cinnamomi and oak decline southern Europe. Environmental constraints including climate change"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế, đề tài: Phytophthora cinnamomi and oak decline southern Europe. Environmental constraints including climate change | Ann Sci For 1996 53 347-358 Elsevier INRA 347 Review article Phytophthora cinnamomi and oak decline in southern Europe. Environmental constraints including climate change CM Brasier Forest Research station Alice Holt Lodge Farnham Surrey GU10 4LH UK Received 14 December 1994 accepted 31 October 1995 Summary One of the most destructive of all tree root pathogens the oomycete fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi is associated with mortality and decline of Quercus Suber and Q ilex in the Mediterranean region. The symptoms and distribution of this decline are described p cinnamoml is a primary pathogen on a very wide range of trees and woody ornamentals worldwide but is probably a native of the Papua New Guinea region. It is soil borne and requires warm wet soils to infect roots. Since 1900 it has caused major epidemics on native chestnuts in the United States and Europe and now threatens the stability of entire forest and heath communities ecosystems in some parts of Australia. Together with drought it may be a major predisposing factor in the Iberian oak decline. Its possible role in this decline including its interaction with drought is discussed and a generalised working hypothesis of decline is presented. The potential influence of climate warming on the activity of p cinnamomiis also considered. A model based on the CLIMEX program suggests that warming would significantly enhance the activity of the pathogen at its existing disease locations such as the western Mediterranean and coastal northwest Europe but that it would not greatly extend its activity into areas with cold winters such as central and eastern Europe. oak decline Phytophthora cinnamomi climate change I root pathogen I drought Resume Phytophthora cinnamomi et dépérissement des chênes en Europe méridionale effets de contraintes de I environnement et des changements climatiques. L un des plus virulents pathogènes racinaires le champignon oomycète Phytophthora cinnamomi est impliqué dans la mor-talité et le .

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