TAILIEUCHUNG - Focus observation 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'focus observation 10', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | MISUSING INFORMATION THE NUMBERS GAME Statistics Statistics is simply a mathematical science that gathers information about a population so that population may be described usefully. Statistics are often used to draw conclusions and make decisions based on that information. So what s the problem Statistics are complicated and their problems can be numerous. In general though problems with statistics are similar to those of other types of numerical data namely they can be gathered analyzed and or interpreted incorrectly or mishandled by someone with a bias. Let s look at two common problems with statistics. The first question to ask is is the statistic meaningful Many parents worry for instance when they hear that the average baby walks at 13 months. They conclude that there must be something wrong with their 18-month-old who is still crawling. But it has been proven that babies who walk later have no developmental differences at age two from their early-walking peers. In other words the statistic is not meaningful there is nothing wrong with an 18-month-old who is still crawling. Another example when standardized test scores were analyzed across the country it was concluded that students from wealthy communities were smarter than students in poorer communities because their scores were higher. Is this a meaningful accurate conclusion Probably not. It does not take into account the many other variables that can account for lower test scores such as inferior preparation fatigue and even breakfast on the day of testing. Practice Evidence shows that most car accidents occur on days with clear weather than on days when it is snowing. Can you conclude that it is safer to drive when it is snowing Why or why not Answer No the conclusion that it is safer to drive in the snow is wrong. There are other factors influencing this statistic such as there are more clear days than snowy days and more people are probably on the road in clear weather than snowy weather. A second .

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