TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 150. Brucellosis

Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis transmitted directly or indirectly to humans from infected animals, predominantly domesticated ruminants and swine. The disease is known colloquially as undulant fever because of its remittent character. Its distribution is worldwide apart from the few countries where it has been eradicated from the animal reservoir. Although brucellosis commonly presents as an acute febrile illness, its clinical manifestations vary widely, and definitive signs indicative of the diagnosis may be lacking. Thus the clinical diagnosis usually must be supported by the results of bacteriologic and/or serologic tests. . | Chapter 150. Brucellosis Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis transmitted directly or indirectly to humans from infected animals predominantly domesticated ruminants and swine. The disease is known colloquially as undulant fever because of its remittent character. Its distribution is worldwide apart from the few countries where it has been eradicated from the animal reservoir. Although brucellosis commonly presents as an acute febrile illness its clinical manifestations vary widely and definitive signs indicative of the diagnosis may be lacking. Thus the clinical diagnosis usually must be supported by the results of bacteriologic and or serologic tests. Etiologic Agents Human brucellosis is caused by strains of Brucella a bacterial genus that has been suggested on genetic grounds to comprise a single species Brucella melitensis with a number of biologic variants that exhibit particular host preferences. Recently this view has been challenged on the basis of detailed differences in chromosomal structure and host preference. The traditional classification into nomen species is now favored both because of these differences and because this classification scheme closely reflects the epidemiologic patterns of the infection. The nomen system recognizes B. melitensis which is the commonest cause of symptomatic disease in humans and for which the main sources are sheep goats and camels B. abortus which is usually acquired from cattle or buffalo B. suis which generally is acquired from swine but has one variant enzootic in reindeer and caribou and another in rodents and B. canis which is acquired most often from dogs. B. ovis which causes reproductive disease in sheep and B. neotomae which is specific for desert rodents have not been clearly implicated in human disease. Other brucellae have been isolated from marine mammals and two new nomen species B. cetaceae and B. pinnipediae have been proposed. At least one case of laboratory-acquired human disease due to one of these .

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