TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 148. Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Species

Bacteria of the genus Campylobacter and of the related genera Arcobacter and Helicobacter (Chap. 144) cause a variety of inflammatory conditions. Although acute diarrheal illnesses are most common, these organisms may cause infections in virtually all parts of the body, especially in compromised hosts, and these infections may have late nonsuppurative sequelae. The designation Campylobacter comes from the Greek for "curved rod" and refers to the organism's vibrio-like morphology. Etiology Campylobacters are motile, non-spore-forming, curved, gram-negative rods. . | Chapter 148. Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Species Bacteria of the genus Campylobacter and of the related genera Arcobacter and Helicobacter Chap. 144 cause a variety of inflammatory conditions. Although acute diarrheal illnesses are most common these organisms may cause infections in virtually all parts of the body especially in compromised hosts and these infections may have late nonsuppurative sequelae. The designation Campylobacter comes from the Greek for quot curved rod quot and refers to the organism s vibrio-like morphology. Etiology Campylobacters are motile non-spore-forming curved gram-negative rods. Originally known as Vibrio fetus these bacilli were reclassified as a new genus in 1973 after their dissimilarity to other vibrios was recognized. More than 15 species have since been identified. These species are currently divided into three genera Campylobacter Arcobacter and Helicobacter. Not all of the species are pathogens of humans. The human pathogens fall into two major groups those that primarily cause diarrheal disease and those that cause extraintestinal infection. The principal diarrheal pathogen is C. jejuni which accounts for 80-90 of all cases of recognized illness due to campylobacters and related genera. Other organisms that cause diarrheal disease include C. coli C. upsaliensis C. lari C. hyointestinalis C. fetus A. butzleri A. cryaerophilus H. cinaedi and H. fennelliae. The two Helicobacter species causing diarrheal disease H. cinaedi and H. fennelliae are intestinal rather than gastric organisms in terms of the clinical features of the illnesses they cause these species most closely resemble Campylobacter rather than H. pylori Chap. 144 and thus are considered in this chapter. The major species causing extraintestinal illnesses is C. fetus. However any of the diarrheal agents listed above may cause systemic or localized infection as well. Neither aerobes nor strict anaerobes these microaerophilic organisms are adapted for .

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