TAILIEUCHUNG - economics in one lesson the shortest and surest way to understand basic economics phần 9

pha trộn "tiền" với sự giàu có. Đã viết: "sự giàu có đó chỉ là tiền, vàng và bạc," Adam Smith cách đây gần hai thế kỷ, "là một khái niệm phổ biến mà tự nhiên xuất phát từ chức năng tăng gấp đôi tiền, như các công cụ thương mại, và là thước đo giá trị. . để trở nên giàu có để có được tiền | 174 ECONOMICS IN ONE LESSON fusing money with wealth. That wealth consists in money or in gold and silver wrote Adam Smith nearly two centuries ago is a popular notion which naturally arises from the double function of money as the instrument of commerce and as the measure of value. . . . To grow rich is to get money and wealth and money in short are in common language considered as in every respect synonymous. Real wealth of course consists in what is produced and consumed the food we eat the clothes we wear the houses we live in. It is railways and roads and motor cars ships and planes and factories schools and churches and theaters pianos paintings and books. Yet so powerful is the verbal ambiguity that confuses money with wealth that even those who at times recognize the confusion will slide back into it in the course of their reasoning. Each man sees that if he personally had more money he could buy more things from others. If he had twice as much money he could buy twice as many things if he had three times as much money he would be worth three times as much. And to many the conclusion seems obvious that if the government merely issued more money and distributed it to everybody we should all be that much richer. These are the most naive inflationists. There is a second group less naive who see that if the whole thing were as easy as that the government could solve all our problems merely by printing money. They sense that there must be a catch somewhere so they would limit in some way the amount of additional money they would have the govern- THE MIRAGE OF INFLATION 175 ment issue. They would have it print just enough to make up some alleged deficiency or gap. Purchasing power is chronically deficient they think because industry somehow does not distribute enough money to producers to enable them to buy back as consumers the product that is made. There is a mysterious leak somewhere. One group proves it by equations. On one side of their equations they count

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