TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 20

The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 20. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 160 BARBARA LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZyK 2. A topic that we will not be able to pursue in detail is the demarcation between different types of meaning. Different types of meaning relatedness of the same form have in fact been identified and labeled. One such case of lexical ambiguity is classical polysemy or polycentric categorization see Taylor 1989 2003 in which for example the English word chest can mean the upper front part of the human body a case or a box with a lid or a treasury of a public institution . In such cases as noted by Dunbar 2001 2 the extensions do not overlap but there is a conceptual relationship. Classical polysemy understood in this way should be distinguished from what is usually known as vagueness where a word is unmarked for a certain category as in the English word doctor which is vague with reference to gender. The distinction between vagueness and polysemy is blurred as the same lexical forms can also profile parts of different domains in their respective semantic base. For instance the adjective fast in a fast car as opposed to fast in a fast drink or the noun window understood either as a glass pane or a wooden frame evoke different domains and profile different attributes of the things they refer to. Such examples as fast or window involve profiling of parts associated with an object within one conceptual domain and are called natural Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk 2002 systematic or complementary polysemy see Pustejovsky 1991 Pustejovsky and Boguraev 1999 Pustejovsky and Bouillon 1999 . Another class representing related senses involves conceptual categories such as BiRD which embraces all varieties of birds from prototypical category members such as sparrows or robins through eagles and owls to peripheral category exemplars such as penguins or ostriches. 3. Nerlich Todd and Clarke 1998 report cases of young children who tell one another jokes such as these Why does the teacher wear sunglasses Because her class is so bright or What s the hardest

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