TAILIEUCHUNG - Tài liệu Diezel 1410 P8

Purpose of cooling systems. The high-speed high-output diesel engines of today are strictly limited as to the maximum temperature at which they can safely operate. | 8 COOLING SYSTEMS A. GENERAL 8A1. Purpose of cooling systems. The high-speed high-output diesel engines of today are strictly limited as to the maximum temperature at which they can safely operate. To maintain the temperature below the maximum allowable limit various types of cooling systems are used. The thermal efficiency of an engine would be greatly improved if it were not necessary to provide a cooling system. The cooling system losses together with the loss of heat during the combustion working and exhaust periods cut down the thermal efficiency of the engine to a relatively small percentage. Shown below are the percentages of useful work and various losses obtained from the combustion of a fuel oil in a diesel cylinder To useful work brake 30-35 thermal efficiency percent To exhaust gases 30-35 percent To cooling water and 30-35 friction percent Radiation lube oil and so 0- 5 forth percent There are three practical reasons for cooling an engine 1. To maintain a lubricating oil film on pistons cylinder walls and other moving parts as explained in Chapter 7. This oil film must be maintained to insure adequate lubrication. The formation of an oil film depends in large degree on the viscosity of the oil. If the engine cooling system did not keep the engine temperature at a value that would insure the formation of an oil film insufficient lubrication and consequent excessive engine wear would result. If the engine is kept too cool condensation takes places in the lube oil and forms acids and sludge. 2. To avoid too great a variation in the result in a variation of clearances between the moving parts. Under normal operating conditions these clearances are very small and any variation in dimension of the moving parts may cause insufficient clearances and subsequent inadequate lubrication increased friction and possible seizure. 3. To retain the strength of the metals used. High temperatures change the strength and physical properties of the various ferrous metals .

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