TAILIEUCHUNG - BIOMES OF THE EARTH - GRASSLANDS Part 5

Các loại cỏ phổ biến nhất trong các llanos Nam Mỹ là loài Trachypogon và Axonopus: họ không có tên gọi thông thường. Ở một số nơi plumosum T. và A. canescens tài khoản cho hơn 80% của thảm thực vật. | 98 GRASSLANDS The most common grasses in the South American llanos are species of Trachypogon and Axonopus they have no common names. In some places T. plumosum and A. canescens account for more than 80 percent of the vegetation. Trachypogon grasses have long narrow leaves and culms that grow one to feet m tall. Axonopus species grow about six to 40 inches 15-100 cm tall. Trachypogon plumosus appears to recover from fire better than Axonopus canescens does but where fire is prevented A. canescens often replaces T. plumosus. Savanna baboons Papio cynocephalus live in troops of up to 150 individuals. They spend most of their time on the ground but climb acacia trees in search of food. They eat grass seeds fruit insects and small mammals. Courtesy of Fogstock LIFE ON THE GRASSLANDS Grassland trees and shrubs Pictures of the African savanna show a flat landscape stretching into the far distance but with the monotony broken by scattered trees that have a very characteristic flat-topped shape. These are acacia or thorn trees Acacia species . The most typical thorn tree is the umbrella thorn A. tortilis . As the name suggests it is an umbrella-shaped tree. It grows 13-50 feet 4-15 m tall and is distributed throughout most of Africa and the Middle East. There are about 1 200 species of acacias and most are able to survive prolonged drought. This is a necessary characteristic for any savanna plant but most woody plants trees and shrubs lack it. Consequently acacias are often the only trees to be seen in the savanna. In the drier parts of the savanna they are widely scattered because each tree needs a large volume of soil in which to find water. Many animals feed on the leaves young shoots and seedlings of trees and their isolation leaves acacias very exposed. Thorn trees protect themselves by means of the big fearsomely sharp thorns that give them their name. Some acacias including the whistling thorn or ant-galled acacia A. drepanolobium found on the African .

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